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Across striking and grappling disciplines, exercise-induced metabolic and redox stress, repetitive head impacts and transient cerebral ischaemia\u2013reperfusion during vascular neck restraints expose the brain to competing adaptive and injurious stimuli. Cerebral ischaemic preconditioning (cIPC) research demonstrates that brief, sublethal reductions in cerebral blood flow (CBF) activate a conserved hormetic programme involving modulation of oxidative\u2013inflammatory\u2013nitrosative stress (OXINOS), reduced glutamate excitotoxicity, mitochondrial stabilisation, anti-apoptotic and autophagic pathways, and metabolic reprogramming. These responses preserve glucose-and lactate-dependent bioenergetics, neurovascular unit integrity, and cognitive function. Repetitive sportive strangulations may engage cIPC-like mechanisms, potentially explaining elevated basal CBF reported in elite Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes (~500 pre-syncopal exposures per year). In contrast, repetitive impacts and rotational shear in boxing and mixed martial arts initiate neurometabolic cascades marked by axonal injury, exaggerated OXINOS, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neurovascular disruption, promoting tau pathology associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy. 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