{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,8]],"date-time":"2026-11-08T14:22:35Z","timestamp":1794147755691,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012542","name":"sichuan provincial science and technology support program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant No. 2024NSFSC2098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. 2024NSFSC2098"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Luzhou Science and Technology Program","award":["Grant No. 2025JYJ068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. 2025JYJ068"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) has rapidly evolved from a procedure targeting specific vascular pathologies into a versatile therapeutic strategy with expanding indications across neurological diseases. However, the biological mechanisms underlying its cross-disease efficacy remain poorly defined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We synthesized experimental and clinical studies across emerging MMAE indications, including chronic subdural hematoma, migraine, and glioblastoma, with a focus on identifying shared neurovascular\u2013immune mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Emerging evidence suggests that the middle meningeal artery (MMA) functions as a neurovascular\u2013immune interface that integrates nociceptive signaling, neurogenic inflammation, pathological angiogenesis, and meningeal immune regulation. Within this framework, MMAE exerts therapeutic effects beyond vascular occlusion by disrupting pathological blood supply, attenuating neurogenic inflammation, modulating aberrant angiogenesis, and reshaping the meningeal immune microenvironment. These coordinated actions provide a unifying mechanistic basis for its efficacy across distinct disease contexts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review proposes an integrated conceptual framework linking MMAE to neurovascular\u2013immune regulation, thereby advancing its understanding as a strategy for modulating disease-relevant microenvironmental interactions across neurological disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x261478954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T10:41:08Z","timestamp":1788950468000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Middle meningeal artery embolization: Expansion of therapeutic applications driven by neurovascular\u2013immune 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