{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T22:26:54Z","timestamp":1790202414779,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Stroke is a major cause of long-term disability, yet the effects of cortical injury on downstream spinal and peripheral neuromuscular systems remain incompletely understood and have not been comprehensively evaluated in translational models. We aimed to longitudinally characterize post-stroke neuromotor dysfunction across cortical, spinal, and peripheral levels using clinically derived electrophysiological biomarkers in a mouse model of focal ischemia. Adult male C57BL\/6J mice underwent 60-min transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) or sham surgery. Electrophysiological assessments, including motor-evoked potentials (MEPs), H-reflexes, compound muscle action potentials (CMAP), and motor unit number estimation (MUNE), were performed at days 7 and 21 after stroke. Stroke was associated with early suppression of infarct-side cortical output, reflected by reduced MEP amplitudes at day 7, while contralateral cortical excitability increased over time. Spinal excitability increased persistently after stroke and correlated with infarct size (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.67,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.024). At day 7, infarct-side MEP amplitudes were inversely associated with H-reflex (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u20130.66,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.029). MUNE declined at day 7, followed by reduced CMAP amplitudes at day 21. Stroke was associated with temporally ordered neuromotor abnormalities across cortical, spinal, and peripheral systems, supporting a translational electrophysiological framework for testing recovery strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x261479482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T04:38:18Z","timestamp":1786509498000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Stroke is associated with temporally ordered neuromotor dysfunction from cortex to muscle in a translational mouse model"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2773-3170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arsh","family":"Ketabforoush","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tower Health\u2013Reading Hospital, West Reading, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meifang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaibhav","family":"Oberoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Brennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Meier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Viteri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harper","family":"Snyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leena","family":"Suleiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ishan","family":"Pathak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Department of Physics &amp; Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"},{"name":"Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans\u2019 Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2171-1226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lixin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Department of Physics &amp; Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"},{"name":"Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans\u2019 Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaibhav","family":"Goswami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tower Health\u2013Reading Hospital, West Reading, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Castoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. David","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7348505"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968318785043"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968311411054"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2006.06.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2006.01652.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balch MHH Harris H Chugh D et al. Ischemic stroke-induced polyaxonal innervation at the neuromuscular junction is attenuated by robot-assisted mechanical therapy. Exp Neurol 2021; 343: 113767. 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