{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T03:02:40Z","timestamp":1789873360909,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"MODEM, a Dutch national consortium part of the Dementia Research Program of ZonMw","award":["#10510032120006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#10510032120006"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010969","name":"alzheimer nederland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["(#WE.30-2022-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(#WE.30-2022-04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010969","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme \u2018CRUCIAL\u2019","award":["848109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["848109"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"],"abstract":"\n In neurovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) disruption can be subtle and diffuse, and MRI-derived measures are confounded by microvascular architecture. Therefore, we aimed to disentangle the MRI-derived blood\u2013brain barrier leakage rate (\n \n K\n i<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n ) into intrinsic vascular permeability (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n ) and surface area (\n S<\/jats:italic>\n ). In this cross-sectional study, 45 patients with cSVD and 26 elderly controls underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI to determine\n \n K\n i<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n and vessel architecture imaging (VAI) to estimate\n S<\/jats:italic>\n . These measures were used to calculate\n P<\/jats:italic>\n . Compared to normal-appearing white matter (NAWM),\n \n K\n i<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n was higher in WMH (\u03b2 = 0.297,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) and deep gray matter (DGM; \u03b2 = 0.210,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.007).\n P<\/jats:italic>\n was higher in WMH (\u03b2 = 0.410,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) and similar between NAWM and DGM.\n S<\/jats:italic>\n was smaller in WMH (\u03b2 = \u22120.467,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) and larger in DGM (\u03b2 = 0.540,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001).\n \n K\n i<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n (\u03b2 = 0.289,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.007) and\n P<\/jats:italic>\n (\u03b2 = 0.249,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.021) were only higher in patients than controls in concentric shells surrounding WMH.\n S<\/jats:italic>\n was smaller in WMH of patients than controls (\u03b2 = \u22120.085,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.049). With age,\n \n K\n i<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n (\u03b2 = 0.260,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.008) and\n P<\/jats:italic>\n increased (\u03b2 = 0.273,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), while\n S<\/jats:italic>\n decreased (\u03b2 = \u22120.079,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.025). Disentangling\n P<\/jats:italic>\n and\n S<\/jats:italic>\n from the BBB leakage rate provides two biologically more specific and interpretable measures, which have counteracting effects on the BBB leakage in aging and disease.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x261485415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T10:45:53Z","timestamp":1787741153000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Disentangling MRI-derived blood\u2013brain barrier leakage into vascular permeability and surface area"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2329-5203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damon","family":"Verstappen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4469-0763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joost JA","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2724-4502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulien HM","family":"Voorter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7349-4783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maud","family":"van Dinther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1032-9099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert J","family":"van Oostenbrugge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9502-6937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Staals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5271-8060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacobus FA","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7905-0681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter H","family":"Backes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The 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