{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T06:44:32Z","timestamp":1791960272396,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"japan society for the promotion of science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP19 K17023 and JP23K27522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP19 K17023 and JP23K27522"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"japan agency for medical research and development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP23lk0221171, JP24lk0221186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23lk0221171, JP24lk0221186"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The prognostic implications of covert cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remain unclear. We investigated associations of SVD markers with hematoma severity and functional outcomes in patients with ICH. SVD markers (white matter hyperintensities [WMH], cerebral microbleeds [CMBs], lacunes, and cortical superficial siderosis [cSS]) were assessed. Outcomes included hematoma volume, hematoma expansion, and disability or death (mRS4\u20136 at 90\u2009days and 1\u2009year). Of 1660 patients who underwent MRI (mean age: 70\u2009\u00b1\u200913\u2009years, 43% female), 397 had lobar (143 CAA-related) and 1263 had deep ICH. In lobar ICH, confluent WMH (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.29, 95%CI \u22120.54 to \u22120.01) and mixed CMB (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.72 [\u22121.02 to \u22120.42]) were associated with smaller hematoma volume, and cSS was associated with hematoma expansion (OR, 1.97 [1.03\u20133.79]). In deep ICH, confluent WMH (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.25 [\u22120.41 to \u22120.09]), \u2a7e5 mixed CMBs (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.17 [\u22120.34 to \u22120.01]), and lacune (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.21 [\u22120.34 to \u22120.06]) were associated with smaller hematoma volume. Confluent WMH and mixed CMBs were also associated with poor functional outcome at 90\u2009days (aOR 1.71 [1.16\u20132.51] and 1.52 [1.02\u20132.24]) and 1\u2009year (aOR, 1.56 [1.06\u20132.23] and 1.42 [1.01\u20131.99]), and incorporating these markers into established risk factors improved discrimination for 1-year functional outcome. Similar findings were observed in ICH etiology. Covert SVD markers are associated with hematoma severity and functional outcomes after ICH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      URL:\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\">https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ; Unique identifier: NCT02251665\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x261490344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:29:41Z","timestamp":1789104581000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Covert cerebral small vessel disease and outcomes after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7948-3636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaori","family":"Miwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazunori","family":"Toyoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshito","family":"Arakaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryoko","family":"Inutsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soya","family":"Iwamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Shiozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masafumi","family":"Ihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masatoshi","family":"Koga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, 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