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The temporal-evolution and regional-heterogeneity of BBB-leakage remain poorly characterized in vivo. We longitudinally assessed BBB permeability in Sprague\u2013Dawley rats subjected to bilateral-common carotid artery occlusion (2VO) versus sham controls using contrast-enhanced T\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      -weighted MRI 9.4T over 12-weeks. Gadolinium-leakage maps were generated and analyzed in predefined regions (cortex, hippocampus, striatum, corpus callosum). Exploratory histological observations included GFAP immunostaining, and circulating biochemical biomarkers (sTWEAK, MMP-9, GOT, cytokines) were quantified.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Localized BBB disruption was observed at weeks 3, 6 post-2VO and progressed heterogeneously, with pronounced leakage strictly targeted toward corpus callosum, hippocampus and striatum. Despite descriptive trends showing increased astroglial activation, systemic biochemical biomarkers did not correlate with imaging-derived central BBB-leakage. Volumetric analysis revealed subtle but significant brain atrophy (18% whole-brain reduction) preceding overt T\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      -signal abnormalities. In the 2VO model studied, BBB dysfunction in chronic-hypoperfusion appears to be a dynamic, region-specific process.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Longitudinal contrast-enhanced MRI detected changes that were not mirrored by the circulating biomarkers studied, suggesting its potential utility as a surrogate endpoint in preclinical studies, which should be confirmed in larger cohorts and complementary models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x261498684","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T06:18:12Z","timestamp":1792045092000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Longitudinal quantitative MRI of blood-brain barrier leakage in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rat model"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"Sampedro Viana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabela","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Rodicio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Hervella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2603-5271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Luz","family":"Alonso Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Functional Biology (Physiology), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9985-9135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ram\u00f3n","family":"Iglesias Rey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14234"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20160727"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61460-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-022-00995-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.105871"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-022-03799-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2321797"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2020.104756"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20246176"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-9915-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2007.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.68304"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.870674"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.122.040578"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.05.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2020.1786637"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121283"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2013.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2020.105080"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-012-1006-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2642"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.011679"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198265"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2015.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074631"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","first-page":"4253","article-title":"Chronic 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