{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,8]],"date-time":"2026-11-08T14:22:35Z","timestamp":1794147755617,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"japan society for the promotion of science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22K07317"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K07317"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"JST Moonshot R&D","award":["JPMJMS2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJMS2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH), a hallmark of sleep apnea, can lead to cerebral hypoperfusion and cognitive decline, though its precise impact on cerebral microcirculation remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study investigated the longitudinal effects of 2-week chronic IH (8% O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , 6.5-min cycle for 6\u2009h\/day) on brain microcirculation in the male mouse cortex.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We observed a significant reduction in the diameters of pial veins (from 55 to 46\u2009\u03bcm) and parenchymal venules (from 9.9 to 8.2\u2009\u03bcm) after chronic IH relative to pre-IH conditions, while upstream arteries (47\u201344\u2009\u03bcm) and arterioles (12.4\u201312.0\u2009\u03bcm) were unaffected. This selective reduction in downstream venule diameter led to a significant increase in arterio-venous transit time, indicating reduced cerebral blood perfusion. Furthermore, neurovascular coupling (NVC) responses showed a substantial decrease, pointing to impaired microvascular function. Crucially, these neurovascular impairments were reversed by daily administration of an endothelin receptor antagonist during IH exposure, with the exception of pial vein constriction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reduced cerebral perfusion after chronic IH is associated with persistent narrowing of parenchymal venules and pial veins. These findings provide new insights into the cerebral microvascular complications of chronic IH and suggest the potential utility of neurovascular protective agents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x261499048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T06:20:47Z","timestamp":1792045247000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chronic intermittent hypoxia induces persistent venous narrowing of downstream parenchymal microvessels and pial veins in the male mouse cortex"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Ako","family":"Miura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9992-3081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroki","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuko","family":"Fujiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miyuki","family":"Unekawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Tomita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Tomita Hospital, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1844-406X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iwao","family":"Kanno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9416-4660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshikane","family":"Izawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Nakahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2958-9627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuto","family":"Masamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Center for Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.11.1515"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4986"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-024-03048-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2017.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22105139"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0162-2024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2012.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00893"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","article-title":"Disturbed neurovascular coupling of limbic system in obstructive sleep apnea patients with mild cognitive impairment: a combined fMRI and ASL study","author":"Huang Q","unstructured":"Huang Q, Yang Y, Ma H, et al. Disturbed neurovascular coupling of limbic system in obstructive sleep apnea patients with mild cognitive impairment: a combined fMRI and ASL study. Neuroscience. Epub ahead of print 2025. DOI: 10.S0306-4522(25)00696-7.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00244.2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.920977"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/332411a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10623329709079869"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.193672"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-018-0855-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25443"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X211012109"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.07.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X18803372"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-020-0322-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.133249"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25646"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600077"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.03.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.11.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02111-2016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2012.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","article-title":"Neurovascular coupling studies in awake-behaving mice","volume":"60","author":"Takuwa H","year":"2010","unstructured":"Takuwa H, Masamoto K, Obata T, et al. Neurovascular coupling studies in awake-behaving mice. Hirosaki Med J 2010; 60: S192\u2013S196.","journal-title":"Hirosaki Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.1076445"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/micc.12697"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-48238-1_51"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)22357-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1114\/1.1308496"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2626(87)90127-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4658"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00537.2020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-4989-8_50"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.201"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2021.12464"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsae269"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.17.6.856"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25151"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113624"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-020-00309-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2018.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252530"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25369"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109386"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1994.266.3.C654","article-title":"Vasoconstrictive peptides induce endothelin-1 and prostanoids in human cerebromicrovascular endothelium","volume":"266","author":"Spatz M","year":"1994","unstructured":"Spatz M, Stanimirovic D, Bacic F, et al. Vasoconstrictive peptides induce endothelin-1 and prostanoids in human cerebromicrovascular endothelium. Am J Physiol 1994; 266(3 Pt 1): C654\u2013C660.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910640"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/148.6_Pt_1.1646"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2023749118"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199704000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16659495"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav9518"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.723953"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-061121-040127"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.12.4.528"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2006.035501"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00204209"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00301.2021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/micc.12885"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/387801"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.21.2607"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioad139"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.01761"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-023-00958-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-84258-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S489232"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1665-23.2023"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-023-02970-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26051815"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.107117"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-025-05018-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00313.2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.01973.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.03.055"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147432"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_83_2","article-title":"Role of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative disorders: a review of reactive oxygen species and prevention by antioxidants","volume":"6","author":"Houldsworth A.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Houldsworth A. Role of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative disorders: a review of reactive oxygen species and prevention by antioxidants. Brain Comm 2024; 6: fcad356.","journal-title":"Brain Comm"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271502"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2023.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19113578"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108182"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-8895-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26261"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_90_2","first-page":"967","article-title":"Brain structural changes in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"31","author":"Macey PM","year":"2008","unstructured":"Macey PM, Kumar R, Woo MA. Brain structural changes in obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep 2008; 31: 967\u2013977.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12288"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25053065"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.741896"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1369393"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200702-238OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.39.1.33"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_97_2","article-title":"Responses of cerebral arteries and arterioles to acute hypotension and hypertension","volume":"234","author":"Kontos HA","year":"1978","unstructured":"Kontos HA, Wei EP, Navari RM, et al. Responses of cerebral arteries and arterioles to acute hypotension and hypertension. Am J Physiol 1978; 234: H371\u2013H383.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121761"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00837-2024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-025-03362-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2025.102092"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2023.2202853"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.014916"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13798"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1964.sp007509"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00629.2014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01556"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01040.2015"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0271678X261499048","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0271678X261499048","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0271678X261499048","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,8]],"date-time":"2026-11-08T14:03:01Z","timestamp":1794146581000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0271678X261499048"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"references-count":107,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0271678X261499048"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0271678x261499048","relation":{},"ISSN":["0271-678X","1559-7016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0271-678X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-7016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"article-number":"0271678X261499048"}}