{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T02:03:39Z","timestamp":1791165819146,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]],"date-time":"2017-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA190391 (PI:Waters)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA190391 (PI:Waters)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences","award":["UL1 TR000448"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR000448"]}]},{"name":"Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007338","name":"Barnes Jewish Hospital Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Med Decis Making"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Internet-based cancer risk assessment tools might serve as a strategy for translating epidemiological risk prediction research into public health practice. Understanding how such tools affect key social-cognitive precursors of behavior change is crucial for leveraging their potential into effective interventions. Purpose. To test the effects of a publicly available, Internet-based, breast cancer risk assessment tool on social-cognitive precursors of physical activity. Methods. Women (N = 132) aged 40\u201378 with no personal cancer history indicated their perceived risk of breast cancer and were randomly assigned to receive personalized ( www.yourdiseaserisk.wustl.edu ) or nonpersonalized breast cancer risk information. Immediately thereafter, breast cancer risk perceptions and physical activity-related behavioral intentions, self-efficacy, and response efficacy were assessed. Results. Personalized information elicited higher intentions, self-efficacy, and response efficacy than nonpersonalized information, P values &lt; 0.05. Self-efficacy and response efficacy mediated the effect of personalizing information on intentions. Women who received personalized information corrected their inaccurate risk perceptions to some extent, P values &lt; 0.05, but few fully accepted the information. Conclusion. Internet-based risk assessment tools can produce beneficial effects on important social-cognitive precursors of behavior change, but lingering skepticism, possibly due to defensive processing, needs to be addressed before the effects can be maximized.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989x17699835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]],"date-time":"2017-03-31T17:56:19Z","timestamp":1490982979000},"page":"657-669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Using an Internet-Based Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool to Improve Social-Cognitive Precursors of Physical Activity"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Stephanie L.","family":"Fowler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SLF, WMPK)"},{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO (LB, JM, GAC, EAW)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William M. P.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SLF, WMPK)"},{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO (LB, JM, GAC, EAW)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Ball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SLF, WMPK)"},{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO (LB, JM, GAC, EAW)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaclyn","family":"McGuire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SLF, WMPK)"},{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO (LB, JM, GAC, EAW)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham A.","family":"Colditz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SLF, WMPK)"},{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO (LB, JM, GAC, EAW)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika A.","family":"Waters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SLF, WMPK)"},{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO (LB, JM, GAC, EAW)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0272989X17699835","unstructured":"American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2015. Atlanta (GA): American Cancer Society;2015."},{"key":"bibr2-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/81.24.1879","volume":"81","author":"Gail MH","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr3-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1608","volume":"5","author":"Colditz GA","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr4-0272989X17699835","first-page":"47","volume":"3","author":"Freedman AN","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Oncol Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"bibr5-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2430","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-10-0324","volume":"19","author":"Graubard BI","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr6-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2005.12.002","volume":"64","author":"Helmes AW","year":"2006","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr7-0272989X17699835","first-page":"CD001865","author":"Edwards AG","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"bibr8-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7417.703","volume":"327","author":"Edwards A","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr9-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.1548","volume":"176","author":"Moore SC","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr10-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.14.1.56","volume":"14","author":"Kreuter MW","year":"1995","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"bibr11-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730490271647","volume":"9","author":"Weinstein ND","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Health Commun"},{"key":"bibr12-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jncimonographs.a024210","volume":"25","author":"Croyle RT","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr"},{"key":"bibr13-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X0102100105"},{"key":"bibr14-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077558712458541"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr15-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.82.5.742","volume":"82","author":"Windschitl PD","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"12","key":"bibr16-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2010.2515","volume":"20","author":"Drieling RL","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr17-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2010.03212.x","volume":"28","author":"Price HC","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"bibr18-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-2130","volume":"35","author":"Welschen LM","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr19-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.1222","volume":"11","author":"Waters EA","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"bibr20-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X15594382"},{"key":"bibr21-0272989X17699835","unstructured":"Conner M, Norman P, eds. Predicting Health Behaviour. Buckingham (UK)\/Philadelphia (PA): Open University Press;1995."},{"key":"bibr22-0272989X17699835","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute. Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS): National Cancer Institute; 2017. Available from: URL: http:\/\/hints.cancer.gov\/"},{"key":"bibr23-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.00112"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr24-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033065","volume":"140","author":"Sheeran P","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"11","key":"bibr25-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0000387","volume":"35","author":"Sheeran P","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr26-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000025","volume":"142","author":"Harkin B","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"bibr27-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2601(06)38002-1","volume":"38","author":"Gollwitzer PM","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv Exp Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr28-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.25.1.34","volume":"25","author":"Jackson KM","year":"2006","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr29-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2005.07.010","volume":"41","author":"Kypri K","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"bibr30-0272989X17699835","unstructured":"Colditz GA. Your disease risk. Available from: URL: www.yourdiseaserisk.wustl.edu"},{"key":"bibr31-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1080\/108107399126904","volume":"4","author":"Emmons KM","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Health Commun"},{"key":"bibr32-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730490425295","volume":"9","author":"Emmons KM","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Health Commun"},{"key":"bibr33-0272989X17699835","unstructured":"Colditz GA. Your Cancer Risk [replaced by Your Disease Risk]; 2000. Available from: URL: www.yourdiseaserisk.wustl.edu"},{"key":"bibr34-0272989X17699835","volume-title":"Invited webinar presented to the National Cancer Institute","author":"Waters EA"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr35-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-009-9439-3","volume":"21","author":"Wang C","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"issue":"17","key":"bibr36-0272989X17699835","first-page":"326","volume":"62","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr37-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.132.2.249","volume":"132","author":"Webb TL","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr38-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.2000.tb02308.x","volume":"30","author":"Milne S","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Appl Soc Psychol"},{"key":"bibr39-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/08964280009595760","volume":"26","author":"Stokols D","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behav Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"bibr40-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/152.10.950","volume":"152","author":"Colditz GA","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"bibr41-0272989X17699835","unstructured":"Willis GB. Cognitive Interviewing: A Tool for Improving Questionnaire Design. Thousand Oaks (CA): Sage Publications; 2004."},{"key":"bibr42-0272989X17699835","first-page":"121","volume-title":"Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice","author":"Weinstein ND","year":"2002","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr43-0272989X17699835","first-page":"121","volume-title":"Predicting Health Behaviour","author":"Conner M","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr44-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781452232966"},{"issue":"9","key":"bibr45-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2006.00967.x","volume":"33","author":"Schuz B","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"bibr46-0272989X17699835","unstructured":"Hayes AF. SPSS, SAS, and Mplus macros and code. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.afhayes.com\/spss-sas-and-mplus-macros-and-code.html"},{"key":"bibr47-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797613480187"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr48-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2016.07.013","volume":"52","author":"Haas JS","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"bibr49-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X11431736"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr50-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027425","volume":"31","author":"de Bruin M","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"issue":"9","key":"bibr51-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e003226","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003226","volume":"3","author":"Han PK","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr52-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2013.03.016","volume":"92","author":"Scherer LD","year":"2013","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"bibr53-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691613485247"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr54-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.108.3.480","volume":"108","author":"Kunda Z","year":"1990","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr55-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-013-9561-z","volume":"47","author":"Shepperd JA","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr56-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.12.6.503","volume":"12","author":"Croyle RT","year":"1993","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr57-0272989X17699835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jncimonographs.a024191","volume":"25","author":"Lipkus IM","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr"},{"key":"bibr58-0272989X17699835","unstructured":"Cook TD, Campbell DT. Quasi-Experimentation: Design & Analysis Issues for Field Settings. Boston (MA): Houghton Mifflin; 1979."}],"container-title":["Medical Decision Making"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0272989X17699835","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0272989X17699835","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0272989X17699835","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T17:58:49Z","timestamp":1777658329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0272989X17699835"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0272989X17699835"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0272989x17699835","relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-989X","1552-681X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-989X","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-681X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]]}}}