{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T17:48:05Z","timestamp":1777916885741,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]],"date-time":"2018-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528329600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Med Decis Making"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The calculation of quality-adjusted life years, as used for cost\u2013utility analysis, depends on the availability of value sets representing people\u2019s preferences with respect to health-related quality of life (HRQoL). A value set consists of HRQoL index values for all health states representable by the particular descriptive system used, of which the EQ-5D (EuroQoL, 5 Dimensions) is by far the most widely used. High correlation coefficients for EQ-5D value sets derived from different samples\u2014across countries and\/or using different valuation techniques\u2014are conventionally interpreted as evidence that the people in the respective samples have similar HRQoL preferences. However, EQ-5D value sets\u2014for both versions of the system (EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L)\u2014contain many inherent rankings of health state values by design. By calculating correlation coefficients for value sets created from random data, we demonstrate that \u201chigh\u201d coefficients are artifacts of these inherent rankings, such as median Pearson\u2019s r = 0.783 for the EQ-5D-3L and 0.850 for the EQ-5D-5L instead of zero. Therefore, high correlation coefficients do not necessarily constitute evidence of meaningful associations in terms of similar HRQoL preferences. After calculating significance levels based on our simulations\u2014available as an online resource for other researchers\u2014we find that many high coefficients are not as significant as conventionally interpreted, whereas other coefficients are not significant. These \u201chigh\u201d but insignificant correlations are in fact spurious.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989x18778295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]],"date-time":"2018-06-07T05:56:57Z","timestamp":1528351017000},"page":"635-645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["How Significant Are \u201cHigh\u201d Correlations Between EQ-5D Value Sets?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Franz","family":"Ombler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0272989X18778295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richardson J, McKie J, Bariola E. Multiattribute utility instruments and their use. Encyclopedia of Health Economics [Internet]. Elsevier; 2014 [cited 2017 Feb 5]. p. 341\u2013357. Available from: http:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/B9780123756787005058","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-375678-7.00505-8"},{"key":"bibr2-0272989X18778295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8510(96)00822-6"},{"key":"bibr3-0272989X18778295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-011-9903-x"},{"key":"bibr4-0272989X18778295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janssen B, Szende A, Ramos-Go\u00f1i JM. Data and methods. In: Szende A, Janssen B, Cabases J, editors. Self-reported population health: an international perspective based on EQ-5D [Internet]. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2014 [cited 2017 Feb 5]. p. 7\u201317. Available from: http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-94-007-7596-1_2","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-7596-1_2"},{"key":"bibr5-0272989X18778295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2014.04.002"},{"key":"bibr6-0272989X18778295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-013-0502-3"},{"key":"bibr7-0272989X18778295","unstructured":"Wittrup-Jensen KU, Lauridsen J, Pedersen KM. Modelling Danish EuroQol (EQ-5D) tariffs by applying the time trade-off method. 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