{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:49:44Z","timestamp":1792010984410,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674604800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009411","name":"Leonard D. Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5P30AG024968"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5P30AG024968"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Med Decis Making"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, patients may lack confidence in their understanding of what constitutes normal\/healthy blood pressure, potentially affecting intentions to seek necessary care. The American Heart Association defines normal\/healthy blood pressure as &lt;120\/80 mm Hg, with a 130\/80 mm Hg threshold for hypertension diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our US sample ( N = 6,592) included 1,342 adults with hypertension alone and 795 with hypertension and relevant comorbidities (heart disease, kidney disease, and diabetes mellitus). We assessed confidence in understanding blood pressure numbers, knowledge of thresholds for normal\/healthy blood pressure (\u201cnormal or healthy blood pressure is below . . .\u201d; counting 120\u2013130\/80 mm Hg as correct), and intentions to seek care for randomly assigned blood pressure readings of 142\/91 (stage 2 hypertension), 132\/69 (stage 1 hypertension), or 118\/78 mm Hg (normal\/healthy blood pressure).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among nonhypertensive participants, 55% expressed confidence in their understanding of blood pressure numbers, but only 36% knew the upper thresholds for normal\/healthy blood pressure. Among participants with hypertension alone, 78% were confident while 47% were knowledgeable. Among participants with hypertension and comorbidities, 81% were confident and 40% were knowledgeable. Participants who were confident (v. not) were more likely to express intentions to act on stage 2 hypertension readings but less likely to express intentions to act on stage 1 readings, even after adjustment for knowledge, hypertension diagnosis, and sociodemographics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Confidence, knowledge, and intentions were each measured with 1 question.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Independent of knowledge, confidence was associated with greater willingness to act on stage 2 hypertension readings but reduced willingness to act on stage 1 hypertension readings. Interventions aiming to improve hypertension care-seeking behavior should improve confidence in accurate knowledge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypertension or high blood pressure is a major risk factor for heart disease. Most Americans do not know that normal\/healthy blood pressure levels are \u2264120\/80 mm Hg, yet they are confident that they know this information. Inappropriate confidence in understanding of blood pressure numbers undermines intentions to seek care for stage 1 hypertension blood pressure readings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989x221148196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T05:10:11Z","timestamp":1674623411000},"page":"461-477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Role of Confidence and Knowledge in Intentions to (Not) Seek Care for Hypertension: Evidence From a National Survey"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1601-789X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W\u00e4ndi","family":"Bruine de Bruin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Price School of Public Policy and Dornsife Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7963-1363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasmina","family":"Okan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centre for Decision Research, Leeds University Business School, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3416-2230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamar","family":"Krishnamurti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research on Health Care, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark D.","family":"Huffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Center and Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St Louis MO, USA"},{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0272989X221148196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000066"},{"key":"bibr2-0272989X221148196","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services. The surgeon general\u2019s call to action to control hypertension. 2020. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/bloodpressure\/docs\/SG-CTA-HTN-Control-Report-508.pdf. [Accessed 17 May, 2022]."},{"key":"bibr3-0272989X221148196","unstructured":"Ostchega Y, Fryar CD, Nwanko T, Nguyen DT. Hypertension prevalence among adults aged 18 and over: United States 2017-2018. NCHS data brief No. 364. 2020. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/databriefs\/db364-h.pdf. [Accessed 17 May, 2022]."},{"key":"bibr4-0272989X221148196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-019-00593-4"},{"key":"bibr5-0272989X221148196","unstructured":"American Heart Assocation. Understanding blood pressure readings. Available from: https:\/\/www.heart.org\/en\/health-topics\/high-bloodpressure\/understanding-bloodpressure-readings. [Accessed 17 May, 2022]."},{"key":"bibr6-0272989X221148196","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Guideline for the pharmacological treatment of hypertension in adults. 2021. 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