{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T17:50:35Z","timestamp":1777917035802,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722384000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23HL141704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23HL141704"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Med Decis Making"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Decision making for adult tracheostomy and prolonged mechanical ventilation is emotionally complex. Expectations of surrogate decision makers and physicians rarely align. Little is known about what surrogates need to make goal-concordant decisions. Currently, little is known about the decisional needs of surrogates and providers, impeding efforts to improve the decision-making process.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using a thematic analysis approach, we performed a qualitative study with semistructured interviews with surrogates of adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation (MV) being considered for tracheostomy and physicians routinely caring for patients receiving MV. Recruitment was stopped when thematic saturation was reached. We describe the decision-making process, identify core decisional needs, and map the process and needs for possible elements of a future shared decision-making tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty-three participants (23 surrogates and 20 physicians) completed interviews. Hope, Lack of Knowledge Data, and Uncertainty emerged as the 3 main themes that described the decision-making process and were interconnected with one another and, at times, opposed each other. Core decisional needs included information about patient wishes, past activity\/medical history, short- and long-term outcomes, and meaningful recovery. The themes were the lens through which the decisional needs were weighed. Decision making existed as a balance between surrogate emotions and understanding and physician recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tracheostomy and prolonged MV decision making is complex. Hope and Uncertainty were conceptual themes that often battled with one another. Lack of Knowledge &amp; Data plagued both surrogates and physicians. Multiple tangible factors were identified that affected surrogate decision making and physician recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Understanding this complex decision-making process has the potential to improve the information provided to surrogates and, potentially, increase the goal-concordant care and alignment of surrogate and physician expectations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Decision making for tracheostomy and prolonged mechanical ventilation is a complex interactive process between surrogate decision makers and providers.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Qualitative themes of Hope, Uncertainty, and Lack of Knowledge &amp; Data shared by both providers and surrogates were identified and described the decision-making process.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Concrete decisional needs of patient wishes, past activity\/medical history, short- and long-term outcomes, and meaningful recovery affected each of the larger themes and represented key information from which surrogates and providers based decisions and recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>The qualitative themes and decisional needs identified provide a roadmap to design a shared decision-making intervention to improve adult tracheostomy and prolonged mechanical ventilation decision making.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989x241266246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T08:13:07Z","timestamp":1722413587000},"page":"867-879","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Identifying Decisional Needs for Adult Tracheostomy and Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation Decision Making to Inform Shared Decision-Making Interventions"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8993-6803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anuj B.","family":"Mehta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health &amp; Hospital Association, Denver, CO, USA"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Lockhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adult and Child Center for Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allison V.","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9597-9642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel D.","family":"Matlock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adult and Child Center for Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA"},{"name":"Division of Geriatric Medicine. 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