{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T03:56:49Z","timestamp":1769313409199,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,1]],"date-time":"2003-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1051747200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The International Journal of Robotics Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"abstract":"\n We propose the world's first general method of evaluating safety for human-care robots. In the case of a careless collision between a robot and a human, impact force and impact stress are chosen as evaluation measures, and a danger-index is defined to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of each safety strategy used for design and control. As a result, this proposed method allows us to assess the contribution of each safety strategy to the overall safety performance of a human-care robot. In addition, a new type of three-dimensional robot simulation system for danger evaluation is constructed on a PC. The system simplifies the danger evaluation of both the design and control of various types of human-care robots to quantify the effectiveness of various safety strategies.<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364903022005001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]],"date-time":"2003-07-01T18:06:05Z","timestamp":1057082765000},"page":"281-297","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":192,"title":["Safety Evaluation Method of Design and Control for Human-Care Robots"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Koji","family":"Ikuta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Micro System Engineering School of Engineering Nagoya University Japan"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Micro System Engineering School of Engineering Nagoya University Japan"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Nokata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Robotics Faculty of Science and Engineering Ritsumeikan University Japan"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Dohi T. 1996. 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