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Then, we focus on the different design levels, more specifically, the optimization of geometry structure carried out by quantum mechanics, molecular dynamics and continuum mechanics methodologies. As an illustration of the proposed multiscale modeling concepts, we test the dynamic characteristics of a molecular sarcomere mechanism through steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations. The nano-kinematic parallel platform is composed of protein-based passive kinematic chains and actuated by myosin actuators. Multiscale simulations and experiments prove the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed design and modeling approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364908099888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,18]],"date-time":"2009-03-18T07:38:02Z","timestamp":1237361882000},"page":"436-449","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Multiscale Design and Modeling of Protein-based Nanomechanisms for Nanorobotics"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Mustapha","family":"Hamdi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut PRISME, ENSI Bourges, 88 Boulevard de Lahitolle, 18020 Bourges, France"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut PRISME, ENSI Bourges, 88 Boulevard de Lahitolle, 18020 Bourges, France,"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.20907"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5096(02)00035-2"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2171439"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprocont.2005.06.001"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNB.2005.850469"},{"key":"atypb6","first-page":"1","volume":"19","author":"Calvacanti, A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1901706"},{"key":"atypb8","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 17th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems","author":"Chi-Yuan, S."},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00502.2001"},{"key":"atypb10","unstructured":"Cramer, C.J. 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