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When developing a flying robot on the scale of a common housefly, all hardware must be developed from scratch as there is nothing \u2018off-the-shelf\u2019 which can be used for mechanisms, sensors, or computation that would satisfy the extreme mass and power limitations. This technology void also applies to techniques available for fabrication and assembly of the aeromechanical components: the scale and complexity of the mechanical features requires new ways to design and prototype at scales between macro and microeletromechanical systems, but with rich topologies and material choices one would expect when designing human-scale vehicles. With these challenges in mind, we present progress in the essential technologies for insect-scale robots, or \u2018pico\u2019 air vehicles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364912455073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,16]],"date-time":"2012-08-16T23:32:29Z","timestamp":1345159949000},"page":"1292-1302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":132,"title":["Progress on \u2018pico\u2019 air vehicles"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"RJ","family":"Wood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"},{"name":"Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, USA"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Finio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"},{"name":"Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, USA"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Karpelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"},{"name":"Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, USA"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"},{"name":"Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, USA"}]},{"given":"NO","family":"P\u00e9rez-Arancibia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"},{"name":"Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, USA"}]},{"given":"PS","family":"Sreetharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"},{"name":"Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, USA"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"},{"name":"Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, USA"}]},{"given":"JP","family":"Whitney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"},{"name":"Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, USA"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0278364912455073","unstructured":"106th Congress (2000) National Defense Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 2001. 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