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The dataset consists of omnidirectional imagery, 3D lidar, planar lidar, GPS, and proprioceptive sensors for odometry collected using a Segway robot. The dataset was collected to facilitate research focusing on long-term autonomous operation in changing environments. The dataset is composed of 27 sessions spaced approximately biweekly over the course of 15 months. The sessions repeatedly explore the campus, both indoors and outdoors, on varying trajectories, and at different times of the day across all four seasons. This allows the dataset to capture many challenging elements including: moving obstacles (e.g. pedestrians, bicyclists and cars), changing lighting, varying viewpoint, seasonal and weather changes (e.g. falling leaves and snow), and long-term structural changes caused by construction projects. To further facilitate research, we also provide ground-truth pose for all sessions in a single frame of reference.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364915614638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,24]],"date-time":"2015-12-24T22:04:01Z","timestamp":1450994641000},"page":"1023-1035","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":490,"title":["University of Michigan North Campus long-term vision and lidar dataset"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Carlevaris-Bianco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, University of Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arash K","family":"Ushani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, University of Michigan, 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