{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T09:53:59Z","timestamp":1777715639881,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,11,1]],"date-time":"1999-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":941414400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The International Journal of Robotics Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Key items in the development of a new smart robot generation are explained in light of DLR\u2019s recent activities in robotics research. These items are the design of articulated hands, ultra-lightweight links, and joint drive systems with integrated joint torque control, sensory feedback including real-time 3-D vision, learning and skill-transfer, modeling the environment using sensorfusion, and new sensor-based off-line programming techniques based on teaching by showing in a virtual environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/02783649922067726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,19]],"date-time":"2003-07-19T02:59:46Z","timestamp":1058583586000},"page":"1064-1087","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Advances in Robotics: The DLR Experience"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Gerd","family":"Hirzinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR),                         Oberpfaffenhofen, D-82234 Wessling, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Brunner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Koeppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Otter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Grebenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingo","family":"Sch\u00e4fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR),                         Oberpfaffenhofen, D-82234 Wessling, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","unstructured":"Baader, A., and Hirzinger, G. 1994. A self-organizing algorithm for multisensory surface reconstruction . Paper presented at Proc. IROS\u201994 IEEE Int. Conf. on Intelligent Robots and Systems, M\u00fcnchen."},{"key":"atypb2","unstructured":"Brunner, B., Landzettel, K., Schreiber, G., Steinmetz, B. M., and Hirzinger, G. 1999. A universal task-level ground control and programming system for space robot applications . Paper presented at iSAIRAS 5th Int. Symposium on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics and Automation in Space, ESTEC, Noordwijk, June 1-3."},{"key":"atypb3","unstructured":"Cortesao, R., and Koeppe, R. 1999. Sensor fusion for skill transfer systems . Paper accepted for presentation at IEEE\/RSJ Int. 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Learning of a controller for non-recurring fast movements. Advanced Robotics, 229\u2013244.","DOI":"10.1163\/156855396X00336"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Z., and Canny, J. F. 1993. Nonholonomic Motion Planning, Kluwer Academic .","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-3176-0"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Longman, R. W., Lindberg, R. E., and Zedd, M. F. 1987. Satellite-mounted robot manipulators\u2014New kinematic and reaction moment compensation . International Journal of Robotics Research 3.","DOI":"10.1177\/027836498700600306"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Natale, C., Koeppe, R., and Hirzinger, G. 1999. An automatic procedure for force controller design . Paper accepted for presentation at IEEE\/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, AIM 99, Atlanta, GA, September 19-22.","DOI":"10.1109\/AIM.1999.803303"},{"key":"atypb24","unstructured":"Oda, M. 1999. 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