{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T09:48:20Z","timestamp":1777715300785,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,10,1]],"date-time":"1993-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":749433600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The International Journal of Robotics Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article documents investigations into impedance control carried out on a direct drive robot manipulator. Both linear and nonlinear versions of impedance contrallers have been investigated. The two impedance controllers have been simu lated numerically and implemented on Carleton University's direct drive robot. The performance of these controllers is ex perimentally compared in terms of force trajectory following and contact stability. The article highlights the practical and experimental limitations of the proposed methods. Furthermore, the experimental results indicate that the controller design, the manipulator kinematics, and the desired task must all be considered and evaluated simultaneously.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/027836499301200507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,4]],"date-time":"2007-03-04T20:24:06Z","timestamp":1173039846000},"page":"473-489","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["An Investigation of Impedance Control for Robot Manipulators"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"W.","family":"McCormick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton University Ottawa, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.M.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton University Ottawa, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics and Automation","author":"Anderson, R."},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Elementary Numerical Analysis","author":"Atkinson, K.","year":"1985"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207178808906161"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"Proc. 1989 Winter Annual Meeting of the ASME: Robotics Research-1989","author":"Colgate, E."},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"Introduction to Robotics, Mechanics and Control","author":"Craig, J.","year":"1989"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3140702"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"A robust design method for impedance control of constrained dynamics systems. Ph.D. thesis","author":"Kazerooni, H.","year":"1985"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JRA.1986.1087045"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3153070"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/9.53550"},{"key":"atypb11","volume-title":"IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics and Automation","author":"Lawrence, D."},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3139652"},{"key":"atypb13","volume-title":"Robot Dynamics and Control","author":"Spong, M.","year":"1989"}],"container-title":["The International Journal of Robotics Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/027836499301200507","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/027836499301200507","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:14:45Z","timestamp":1777457685000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/027836499301200507"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,10]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/027836499301200507"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/027836499301200507","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-3649","1741-3176"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-3649","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-3176","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,10]]}}}