{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T02:36:24Z","timestamp":1788575784693,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,30]],"date-time":"2016-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475193600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The most widely accepted computed tomography (CT) protocol for diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis (APN) includes at least a pre- and post-contrast scan, which may expose patients to higher doses of ionizing radiation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To establish the accuracy, reproducibility, and degree of confidence in CT diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis (APN) and urolithiasis using only images obtained during the nephrographic phase.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective study of 100 consecutive patients (88 women; age range, 19\u201370 years) with clinical and laboratory suspicion of APN and who underwent triphasic abdominal CT scans (non-contrast, nephrographic, and excretory phases) was performed. Two readers first evaluated independently only the nephrographic phase of scans, and, in a second session, the entire study. The diagnostic reference standard was settled by a third experienced radiologist who reviewed all triphasic scans and clinical data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The accuracy of only nephrographic phase for diagnosis of APN and urolithiasis was in the range of 90.3\u201391.78% and 96.27\u201399.25%, respectively. There was no significant difference in comparison with the triphasic reading (z: \u22120.4 \u2013 0.2; P\u2009=\u20090.34\u20130.83). The average degree of confidence for APN also showed no significant variation for both readers ( P\u2009=\u20090.4 and 0.08). Almost perfect inter-observer agreements for the diagnosis of APN (k\u2009=\u20090.86, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and for urolithiasis (k\u2009=\u20090.84, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) were observed when considering only the nephrographic phase.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CT assessment of APN and urolithiasis can be accurately performed using only the late nephrographic phase, with consequent dose reduction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185116665424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,25]],"date-time":"2016-08-25T21:09:01Z","timestamp":1472159341000},"page":"634-640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Are the unenhanced and excretory CT phases necessary for the evaluation of acute pyelonephritis?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Lincoln S","family":"Taniguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulysses S","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Fleury, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saulo M","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Fleury, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas R","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Grupo Fleury, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"D\u2019Ippolito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Grupo Fleury, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0284185116665424","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.281075171"},{"key":"bibr2-0284185116665424","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-013-2906-y"},{"key":"bibr3-0284185116665424","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Guidelines on urological infections","author":"Grabe M","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr4-0284185116665424","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2007.09.017"},{"key":"bibr5-0284185116665424","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2013-131935"},{"key":"bibr6-0284185116665424","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0b013e318287365e"},{"key":"bibr7-0284185116665424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V40N9p407","volume":"40","author":"Lim SK","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singapore"},{"key":"bibr8-0284185116665424","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-006-0366-3"},{"key":"bibr9-0284185116665424","unstructured":"Expert Panel on Urologic Imaging. 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