{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T11:47:41Z","timestamp":1789732061487,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,7]],"date-time":"2017-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486425600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous studies with a small sample size have not reported metabolic changes in neuromyelitis optica (NMO). Metabolic changes, such as decreased N-acetylaspartate (NAA), are well-established in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). It remains unknown whether different patterns of metabolic changes occur in NMO and MS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the metabolic changes in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) in NMO, compared with MS patients and healthy controls (HC), and correlate these changes with clinical disability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We recruited 27 patients with NMO, 24 patients with MS, and 24 HC. Each participant underwent chemical shift imaging with a 1H-MR spectroscopy operating in a 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. The absolute concentrations of NAA, choline (Cho), creatine (Cr) as well as the metabolite ratios of NAA\/Cr, Cho\/Cr, and NAA\/Cho were measured and compared among the groups. The correlations between the metabolic concentrations, disease duration, and clinical disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale, EDSS) were further explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with HC, a mild increase of Cho without significant NAA changes was observed in NMO patients, while both a significant reduction of NAA and an increase of Cho were observed in MS patients. The absolute concentration of NAA and NAA\/Cho ratio were significantly decreased in MS patients in a direct comparison with NMO patients. In MS patients, the EDSS was correlated with the NAA\/Cr and Cho\/Cr ratios.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A reduction of NAA was not observed in NMO, implying axonal or neuronal damage may be absent in NAWM for NMO, which is different from MS. A mild increase in Cho was observed in NAWM of NMO patients, suggesting that subtle metabolic changes occur in NMO.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185116683575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,7]],"date-time":"2017-02-07T23:40:16Z","timestamp":1486510816000},"page":"1132-1137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Metabolic changes in normal-appearing white matter in patients with neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis: a comparative magnetic resonance spectroscopy study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Yunyun","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, PR China"},{"name":"Brain Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, PR 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