{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:47:35Z","timestamp":1789663655749,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,29]],"date-time":"2017-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485648000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare disease involving the bronchi, lymphatic vessels, and veins. However, there are few reports about lymphatic vessel abnormalities associated with LAM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate computed tomography (CT) lymphangiography findings in cases of LAM, especially lymphatic vessel abnormalities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-seven patients with LAM underwent direct lymphangiography (DLG), followed by a post-procedural thoracoabdominal CT examination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All 27 patients were diagnosed with LAM, including 25 (93%) with chylothorax, eight (30%) with chyloperitoneum, seven (26%) with chylous fluid in the chest and abdomen, and one (4%) with lower-limb lymphedema. The CT lymphangiography showed that 27\/27 (100%) patients presented iliac or retroperitoneal lymphatic vessel dilation; 20\/27 (74%) presented thoracic duct outlet obstruction; 9\/27 (33%) presented pleural lymph leakage; and 13\/27 (48%) presented an abnormal distribution of contrast agent in the contralateral lumbar trunk, 3\/27 (11%) in the pulmonary field, 1\/27 (4%) in the abdominal cavity, and 4\/27 (15%) in the pelvic cavity. Five of the 27 patients (19%) had retroperitoneal lymphangioleiomyomas, with contrast agent accumulation in three cases during CT lymphangiography. Two of the 27 (7%) patients had enlarged lymph nodes in the retroperitoneum. All 27 patients (100%) diagnosed with LAM displayed various lung cysts on thoracic high-resolution CT scans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CT lymphangiography findings can be used to diagnose most LAM cases accurately. Moreover, these findings also display the various lymphatic vessel abnormalities associated with LAM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185116688381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,30]],"date-time":"2017-01-30T00:21:20Z","timestamp":1485735680000},"page":"1342-1348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Computed tomography lymphangiography findings in 27 cases of lymphangioleiomyomatosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR 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