{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:54:51Z","timestamp":1777503291750,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,27]],"date-time":"2017-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501113600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most patients with early-stage breast cancer have clinically negative lymph nodes (LNs). However, 15\u201320% of patients have axillary nodal metastasis based on the sentinel LN biopsy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess whether ultrasound (US) features of a primary tumor are associated with axillary LN metastasis in patients with clinical T1\u2013T2N0 breast cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study included 138 consecutive patients (median age\u2009=\u200951 years; age range\u2009=\u200927\u201378 years) who underwent breast surgery with axillary LN evaluation for clinically node-negative T1\u2013T2 breast cancer. Three radiologists blinded to the axillary surgery results independently reviewed the US images. Tumor distance from the skin and distance from the nipple were determined based on the US report. Association between US features of a breast tumor and axillary LN metastasis was assessed using a multivariate logistic regression model after controlling for clinicopathologic variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 138 patients, 28 (20.3%) had nodal metastasis. At univariate analysis, tumor distance from the skin ( P\u2009=\u20090.019), tumor size on US ( P\u2009=\u20090.023), calcifications ( P\u2009=\u20090.036), architectural distortion ( P\u2009=\u20090.001), and lymphovascular invasion ( P\u2009=\u20090.049) were associated with axillary LN metastasis. At multivariate analysis, shorter skin-to-tumor distance (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20094.15; 95% confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u20091.01\u201316.19; P\u2009=\u20090.040) and masses with associated architectural distortion (OR\u2009=\u20093.80; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.57\u20139.19; P\u2009=\u20090.003) were independent predictors of axillary LN metastasis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>US features of breast cancer can be promising factors associated with axillary LN metastasis in patients with clinically node-negative early-stage breast cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185117723039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,27]],"date-time":"2017-07-27T06:21:51Z","timestamp":1501136511000},"page":"402-408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Association between US features of primary tumor and axillary lymph node metastasis in patients with clinical T1\u2013T2N0 breast cancer"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Min Sun","family":"Bae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung Ui","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung Eun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han Suk","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wonshik","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Woo Kyung","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0284185117723039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20809"},{"key":"bibr2-0284185117723039","first-page":"723","volume":"71","author":"Chua B","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"bibr3-0284185117723039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70207-2"},{"key":"bibr4-0284185117723039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djj158"},{"key":"bibr5-0284185117723039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0904832"},{"key":"bibr6-0284185117723039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.90"},{"key":"bibr7-0284185117723039","unstructured":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center breast cancer nomogram. 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