{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:06:18Z","timestamp":1787018778985,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]],"date-time":"2017-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512604800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following convection from blood capillaries, plasma proteins are transported to loco-regional lymph nodes in two stages: first, uptake into peripheral lymphatics, and second, transport to nodes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To introduce a new parameter of lymphatic function that quantifies stage 2 \u2013 lymphatic drainage efficiency (LDE).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Percentage injected activity (IIQ) in ilio-inguinal nodes 150\u2009min following subcutaneous foot web-space injection of Tc-99\u2009m-nanocolloid was measured in 102 patients undergoing lymphoscintigraphy using a method in which a standard is placed by image guidance over the nodes. Percentage activity leaving the injection depot by 150\u2009min ( k) was measured in 60\/102 patients. LDE (%)\u2009=\u2009100\u2009\u00d7\u2009(IIQ\/ k). Abnormal lymphoscintigraphy was defined qualitatively as: (i) no activity in ilio-inguinal nodes at 45\u2009min or negligible activity at 150\u2009min (delay); (ii) lymph diversion through skin and\/or deep system; and (iii) focal tracer accumulation suggesting cellulitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scintigraphy was bilaterally normal in 82 limbs, unilaterally normal in 40 limbs and abnormal in 82 limbs. IIQ correlated with k in bilaterally normal (r\u2009=\u20090.86; n\u2009=\u200952), unilaterally normal (r\u2009=\u20090.67; n\u2009=\u200927), and abnormal (r\u2009=\u20090.82; n\u2009=\u200941) limbs. IIQ, k, and LDE were significantly lower in unilaterally normal (9.3\u2009\u00b1\u20095.4%, 13.8\u2009\u00b1\u20097.1%, and 65\u2009\u00b1\u200930%) compared with bilaterally normal limbs (15.4\u2009\u00b1\u20098.4% [ P\u2009&gt;\u20090.0001], 18.3\u2009\u00b1\u20098.9% [ P\u2009=\u20090.025], and 84\u2009\u00b1\u200930% [ P\u2009=\u20090.01]). LDE was lower in limbs displaying skin diversion and\/or delay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LDE is a new quantitative index that has potential value in clinical research but requires further clinical evaluation. Abnormal quantitative indices indicate that limbs unilaterally normal on lymphoscintigraphy are not functionally normal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185117744226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]],"date-time":"2017-12-07T23:47:49Z","timestamp":1512690469000},"page":"1097-1101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Lymphatic drainage efficiency: a new parameter of lymphatic function"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Georgia","family":"Keramida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Wroe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Winterman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Aplin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A Michael","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0284185117744226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.167.3.3363131"},{"key":"bibr2-0284185117744226","first-page":"87","volume":"149","author":"Mostbeck A","year":"1999","journal-title":"Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)"},{"key":"bibr3-0284185117744226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/15396850360495727"},{"key":"bibr4-0284185117744226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/026835558600100207"},{"key":"bibr5-0284185117744226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2007.5306"},{"key":"bibr6-0284185117744226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MNM.0000000000000644"},{"key":"bibr7-0284185117744226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.6631"},{"key":"bibr8-0284185117744226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvq062"},{"key":"bibr9-0284185117744226","first-page":"53","volume":"42","author":"International Society of Lymphology","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"bibr10-0284185117744226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0b013e31823931f5"},{"key":"bibr11-0284185117744226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/026835558600100308"},{"key":"bibr12-0284185117744226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-008-0259-z"},{"key":"bibr13-0284185117744226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2016.0005"},{"key":"bibr14-0284185117744226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/89.5.377"}],"container-title":["Acta Radiologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0284185117744226","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0284185117744226","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0284185117744226","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:21:30Z","timestamp":1777389690000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0284185117744226"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0284185117744226"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0284185117744226","relation":{},"ISSN":["0284-1851","1600-0455"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0284-1851","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0455","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]]}}}