{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:40:06Z","timestamp":1777506006314,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]],"date-time":"2018-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) is a technique based on the theory that the diffusion of water follows non-Gaussian distribution; until now, few studies have explored the usefulness of DKI in differentiating parotid gland tumors.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the potential of DKI in the characterization of parotid gland tumors.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n DKI was performed in 40 patients with parotid gland tumors (33 benign, 7 malignant). DKI parameters including apparent diffusion coefficient (D\n app<\/jats:sub>\n ) and apparent kurtosis coefficient (K\n app<\/jats:sub>\n ) were obtained using the DK model and compared. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate inter-observer agreement of DKI derived parameters.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Excellent inter-observer agreements (D\n app<\/jats:sub>\n , ICC\u2009=\u20090.988; K\n app<\/jats:sub>\n , ICC\u2009=\u20090.985) were achieved during quantitative measurements. There were no significant differences in D\n app<\/jats:sub>\n (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.055) and K\n app<\/jats:sub>\n (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.915) between the benign and malignant groups. In the subgroup analyses, pleomorphic adenomas showed higher D\n app<\/jats:sub>\n (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) and lower K\n app<\/jats:sub>\n (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.037) than malignant tumors. Combination of D\n app<\/jats:sub>\n and K\n app<\/jats:sub>\n showed optimal discriminative value (area under curve [AUC]\u2009=\u20090.913; sensitivity\u2009=\u200988.89%; specificity\u2009=\u200985.71%). Pleomorphic adenomas also showed higher D\n app<\/jats:sub>\n (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) and lower K\n app<\/jats:sub>\n (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) than Warthin\u2019s tumors. A combination of D\n app<\/jats:sub>\n and K\n app<\/jats:sub>\n showed optimal discriminative value (AUC\u2009=\u20091.000; sensitivity\u2009=\u2009100%; specificity\u2009=\u2009100%). Warthin\u2019s tumors demonstrated higher K\n app<\/jats:sub>\n than malignant tumors (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001), while no significant difference was found on D\n app<\/jats:sub>\n (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.448). The AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of K\n app<\/jats:sub>\n for discriminating Warthin\u2019s tumors from malignant tumors at an optimal threshold of 0.735 were 0.905, 88.89%, and 85.71%, respectively.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n DKI may be a promising imaging technique for characterizing parotid gland tumors.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185118803784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]],"date-time":"2018-09-27T08:07:30Z","timestamp":1538035650000},"page":"887-894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Preliminary study of using diffusion kurtosis imaging for characterizing parotid gland tumors"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Wen","family":"Qian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Quan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liu-Ning","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guo-Yi","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shou-Shan","family":"Bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0343-0458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei-Yun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Classification of salivary gland neoplasms","volume":"78","author":"Bradley PJ.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bradley PJ. 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