{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T05:53:16Z","timestamp":1778824396545,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,22]],"date-time":"2019-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576972800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A16464"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A16464"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bone marrow composition varies with stage of development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess differences in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) derived from clivus bone marrow in healthy children by age, pubertal status, and gender as a benchmark when monitoring local and systemic treatment-induced effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Non-oncological pediatric patients (30 pre-pubertal [15 girls, 15 boys] and 30 post-pubertal [15 girls, 15 boys]) with previous normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain including diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI; 1.5-T Philips Achieva-Ingenia, b-values 0 and 1000s\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) were studied. A 4\u20136 mm diameter region of interest (ROI), drawn within the clivus on two or three DW-MRI slices, yielded mean and centile ADC values. Pubertal status was recognized from imaging appearances of the pituitary gland and from fusion of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis. Correlations between ADC and age were assessed (Pearson\u2019s coefficient). Mann\u2013Whitney U tests compared ADC by age, pubertal status, and gender.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age and ADC were significantly negatively correlated (median ADC r=\u20130.48, mean ADC r=\u20130.42, P=0.0001 and 0.0008, respectively) which held true when divided by gender. Mean and median ADC differed significantly before and after puberty for the whole population ( P=0.0001 and 0.0001, respectively). There was a left shift of the ADC histogram after puberty with significant differences in centile values. ADC differences before and after puberty remained when divided by gender (girls: P=0.04 and 0.009, respectively; boys: P=0.005 and 0.0002, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ADC of clivus bone marrow correlates with age in children. ADC decreases significantly after puberty, likely due to replacement of hypercellular marrow with fat. There are no gender-related differences in clivus bone-marrow ADC before or after puberty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185119894217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,22]],"date-time":"2019-12-22T23:57:42Z","timestamp":1577059062000},"page":"1240-1248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Variation of the apparent diffusion coefficient of skull bone marrow by age group, pubertal status, and gender in a pediatric population"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Erika","family":"Pace","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CRUK Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK"},{"name":"The Royal Marsden Hospital, Department of Radiology, Sutton, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew D","family":"MacKinnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Marsden Hospital, Department of Radiology, Sutton, UK"},{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Atkinson Morley Regional Neuroscience Centre, St George\u2019s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4232-476X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nandita M","family":"deSouza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRUK Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK"},{"name":"The Royal Marsden Hospital, Department of Radiology, Sutton, 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