{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T17:49:13Z","timestamp":1792259353220,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]],"date-time":"2020-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579824000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of death and disability in infants. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is valuable for predicting the outcome in high-risk neonates. The relationship of pontine and cerebellar injury to outcome has not been explored sufficiently.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n To characterize MRI features of pontine and cerebellar injury and to assess the clinical outcomes of these neonates.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n The retrospective study included 59 term neonates (25 girls) examined by MRI using 1.5-T scanner in the first two weeks of life between 2008 and 2017. Involvement of the pons and cerebellum was judged as a high signal intensity on diffusion-weighted image (DWI) and a restricted diffusion on an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Pontine involvement was observed in the dorsal portion of pons in eight neonates and cerebellar involvement was observed in dentate nucleus (n\u2009=\u20098), cerebellar vermis (n\u2009=\u20093), and hemisphere (n\u2009=\u20091) in 11 neonates. Combined pontine and cerebellar involvement was observed in eight neonates and only cerebellar involvement in three. The pontine and cerebellar injuries were always associated with very severe brain injury including a basal ganglia\/thalamus injury pattern and a total brain injury pattern. In terms of clinical outcome, all but four lost to follow-up, had severe cerebral palsy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Pontine and cerebellar involvement occurred in the dorsal portion of pons and mostly dentate nucleus and was always associated with a more severe brain injury pattern as well as being predictive of major disability.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185119900442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]],"date-time":"2020-01-24T22:44:38Z","timestamp":1579905878000},"page":"1398-1405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Pontine and cerebellar injury in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: MRI features and clinical outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1988-4593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katsumi","family":"Hayakawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Tanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachiko","family":"Koshino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zenro","family":"Kizaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Ohno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0284185119900442","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0222"},{"key":"bibr2-0284185119900442","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000087628"},{"key":"bibr3-0284185119900442","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2393050027"},{"key":"bibr4-0284185119900442","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-1046"},{"key":"bibr5-0284185119900442","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1297"},{"key":"bibr6-0284185119900442","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2013.09.001"},{"key":"bibr7-0284185119900442","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kinney HC, Volpe JJ. Hypoxic-ischemic injury in the term infant: neuropathology. In: Volpe\u2019s Neurology of the Newborn. 6th ed. Philadephia, PA: Saunders, 2018:488\u2013489.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-42876-7.00018-1"},{"key":"bibr8-0284185119900442","first-page":"240","volume-title":"Pediatric Neuroimaging","author":"Schwartz EM","year":"2012","edition":"5"},{"key":"bibr9-0284185119900442","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31821f442d"},{"key":"bibr10-0284185119900442","first-page":"1008","volume":"25","author":"Sargent MA","year":"2004","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"bibr11-0284185119900442","first-page":"16","volume":"28","author":"Connolly DJ","year":"2007","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"bibr12-0284185119900442","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4326"},{"key":"bibr13-0284185119900442","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcps050929"},{"key":"bibr14-0284185119900442","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2011.06.009","volume":"34","author":"Takenouchi T","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"bibr15-0284185119900442","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-39599"},{"key":"bibr16-0284185119900442","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.344130080"},{"key":"bibr17-0284185119900442","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2012-301768"},{"key":"bibr18-0284185119900442","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-018-4094-z"}],"container-title":["Acta Radiologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0284185119900442","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0284185119900442","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0284185119900442","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:25:57Z","timestamp":1777389957000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0284185119900442"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0284185119900442"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0284185119900442","relation":{},"ISSN":["0284-1851","1600-0455"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0284-1851","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0455","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]]}}}