{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:05:00Z","timestamp":1790697900623,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography imaging (PCI) based on crystal X-ray interferometry can detect minute density differences within biological soft tissues without contrast agents. Ethanol fixation yields increased tissue-background density differences due to the dehydrating and delipidifying effects of ethanol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To obtain high image contrast of cerebral white matter structures in PCI, tissue fixation using ethanol and routinely used formalin have been examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethanol-fixed (EF) (n\u2009=\u20094) and formalin-fixed (FF) (n\u2009=\u20094) rat brains were imaged by crystal X-ray interferometry-based PCI. Tissue staining\/microscopy was also performed for histological comparison and myelin density evaluation. Three-dimensional white matter tract images were reconstructed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Superior image contrast was obtained in the images of EF brains (EF images) compared to those of formalin-fixed brains (FF images), particularly for white matter structures. Significant density differences between the white matter structures and hippocampus ( P\u2009&lt;\u20090.01)\/thalamus ( P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) were observed in the EF, but not FF, images. Ethanol fixation enhanced the image contrast of white matter tracts by approximately sixfold compared to formalin fixation, and close agreement (r\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.97; P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) between the density values on the CT images and the myelin density values in histological images was observed for the EF brains. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the white matter tracts was possible from the EF images, but not FF images.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethanol fixation resulted in marked contrast enhancement of cerebral white matter structures in PCI. Thus, high-resolution PCI using ethanol for tissue fixation could be valuable for experimental neurological studies and postmortem neuropathology evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02841851211030776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T05:47:35Z","timestamp":1626241655000},"page":"1102-1109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["White matter imaging of ethanol-fixed rat brain by phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7225-9228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thet-Thet-","family":"Lwin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akio","family":"Yoneyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAGA Light Source, Kyushu Synchrotron Light Research Center, SAGA, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shogo","family":"Kokubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuyuki","family":"Hyodo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Organization (KEK), Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tohoru","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-02841851211030776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.06.011"},{"key":"bibr2-02841851211030776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223211"},{"key":"bibr3-02841851211030776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4908203"},{"key":"bibr4-02841851211030776","first-page":"8617406","volume":"28","author":"de Bournonville S","year":"2019","journal-title":"Contrast Media Mol Imaging"},{"key":"bibr5-02841851211030776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/13040401"},{"key":"bibr6-02841851211030776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.597472"},{"key":"bibr7-02841851211030776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2977543"},{"key":"bibr8-02841851211030776","volume-title":"Proceedings of the European Congress of Radiology (ECR); 2015 March 4\u20138; Vienna","author":"Yoneyama A"},{"key":"bibr9-02841851211030776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/425\/2\/022004"},{"key":"bibr10-02841851211030776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S1600577514010558"},{"key":"bibr11-02841851211030776","first-page":"2054262","volume":"14","author":"Mrz\u00edlkov\u00e1 J","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"bibr12-02841851211030776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2003.12.008"},{"key":"bibr13-02841851211030776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-9002(95)90017-9"},{"key":"bibr14-02841851211030776","volume-title":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","author":"Swanson LW.","year":"2004","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr15-02841851211030776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.10.065"},{"key":"bibr16-02841851211030776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00031.2018"},{"key":"bibr17-02841851211030776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1292471"},{"key":"bibr18-02841851211030776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1143\/JJAP.44.6355"},{"key":"bibr19-02841851211030776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2017.07.036"},{"key":"bibr20-02841851211030776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1143\/JJAP.43.L1144"},{"key":"bibr21-02841851211030776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1143\/JJAP.45.1864"},{"key":"bibr22-02841851211030776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2058460115626958"},{"key":"bibr23-02841851211030776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.42"}],"container-title":["Acta Radiologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02841851211030776","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/02841851211030776","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02841851211030776","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:27:08Z","timestamp":1777390028000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/02841851211030776"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/02841851211030776"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02841851211030776","relation":{},"ISSN":["0284-1851","1600-0455"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0284-1851","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0455","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]]}}}