{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T13:17:35Z","timestamp":1782739055772,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Capital\u2019s Funds For Health Improvement and Research","award":["2022-4-1105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-4-1105"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The status of axillary lymph nodes (ALN) plays a critical role in the management of patients with breast cancer. It is an urgent demand to develop highly accurate, non-invasive methods for predicting ALN status<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound radiofrequency (URF) time-series parameters, in combination with clinical data, in predicting ALN metastasis in patients with breast cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We prospectively gathered clinicopathologic and ultrasonic data from patients diagnosed with breast cancer. Various machine-learning (ML) models were developed using all available features to determine the most efficient diagnostic model. Subsequently, distinct prediction models were created using the optimal ML model, and their diagnostic performances were evaluated and compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study encompassed 240 patients, of whom 88 had lymph node metastases. A leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) method was used to split the entire dataset into training and testing subsets. The random forest ML model outperformed the other algorithms, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.92. Prediction models based on clinical, ultrasonic, URF parameters, clinical\u2009+\u2009ultrasonic, clinical\u2009+\u2009URF, and ultrasonic\u2009+\u2009URF parameters had AUCs of 0.56, 0.79, 0.78, 0.90, 0.80, and 0.84, respectively, in the testing set. The comprehensive diagnostic model (clinical\u2009+\u2009ultrasonic\u2009+\u2009URF parameters) demonstrated strong diagnostic capability, with an AUC of 0.94 in the testing set, exceeding any single prediction model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The combined model (clinical\u2009+\u2009ultrasonic\u2009+\u2009URF parameters) could be used preoperatively to predict lymph node status, offering valuable input for the design of individualized surgical approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02841851241268463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T04:27:15Z","timestamp":1725251235000},"page":"1178-1185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Predicting axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer based on ultrasound radiofrequency time-series analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruifang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangdong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"Dekker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Traverso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7116-0608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linxue","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-02841851241268463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21708"},{"key":"bibr2-02841851241268463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-017-4423-1"},{"key":"bibr3-02841851241268463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.4163"},{"key":"bibr4-02841851241268463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-018-6410-0"},{"key":"bibr5-02841851241268463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-010-1210-7"},{"key":"bibr6-02841851241268463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2019-0427"},{"key":"bibr7-02841851241268463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ULTSYM.2003.1293575"},{"key":"bibr8-02841851241268463","first-page":"2173","volume":"3","author":"Masotti L","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium"},{"key":"bibr9-02841851241268463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44376-z"},{"key":"bibr10-02841851241268463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2019190372"},{"key":"bibr11-02841851241268463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2014.11.005"},{"key":"bibr12-02841851241268463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2021.102677"},{"key":"bibr13-02841851241268463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12282-020-01202-z"},{"key":"bibr14-02841851241268463","first-page":"6196","volume":"2019","author":"Qiao M","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"bibr15-02841851241268463","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-5629(98)00100-8"},{"key":"bibr16-02841851241268463","unstructured":"NCCN. 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