{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:13:00Z","timestamp":1787501580978,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728950400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Breast cancer in pediatric patients is rare, but ultrasound (US) is widely utilized for symptomatic cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine biopsy and cancer detection rates of pediatric patients and to assess if breast US can be omitted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective review of a 5-year period was conducted of single-center breast US performed in patients aged &lt;19 years. Data regarding presentation, clinical opinion (P1\u20135 score), and US (U1\u20135 score) were collected. If biopsy or surgery was performed, pathology was reviewed (B1\u20135 score).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 579 patients were included (19 boys, 560 girls; mean age=16.2\u00b11.9 years; age range=0\u201318 years). Clinical examination was normal or benign (P1\/P2) in all boys (100%) and 557\/560 (99.5%) girls, and P3 in 3 (0.5%) girls. Of US, 52% demonstrated normal findings (U1) for both sexes (300\/579); in the remaining cases, the most frequent findings were gynecomastia in 12\/19 boys and well-defined breast masses in 208\/560 girls. Of the 560 girls, 6 (1%) underwent US-guided biopsy, with final histology of fibroadenoma (B2) in all cases, while 27 (5%) had a surgical excision, with final histology of fibroadenoma (22\/27, 81.5%), hamartoma (2\/27, 7.4%), benign phyllodes tumor (2\/27, 7.4%), and angiomyxoma skin lesion (1\/27, 3.7%). No malignant lesions were diagnosed at the time of clinical referral or during the 18-month follow-up in patients with a well-defined mass on US.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Breast malignancy is extremely rare in pediatric population. US can be safely omitted if clinical examination is normal; this approach would have avoided breast US in 52% of patients in this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02841851241287924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T17:56:31Z","timestamp":1729101391000},"page":"1465-1472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Assessment of pediatric breast ultrasound less is more: a practical imaging approach"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6924-9822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Giannotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Breast Unit, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK"},{"name":"Nottingham Breast Institute, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nottingham Breast Institute, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuala","family":"Healy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Breast Unit, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fleur","family":"Kilburn-Toppin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Breast Unit, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmelo","family":"Sofia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphologic and Functional Imaging, Policlinico Universitario \u201cG.Martino\u201d, University of Messina, Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2496-4050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew HS","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Histopathology Department, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5614-2660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Adele","family":"Marino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphologic and Functional Imaging, Policlinico Universitario \u201cG.Martino\u201d, University of Messina, Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-02841851241287924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2006.02.002"},{"key":"bibr2-02841851241287924","first-page":"590","volume":"96","author":"Klein DA","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"bibr3-02841851241287924","unstructured":"ABS GUIDELINES. Available at: guidance_pathways_children_final.pdf (associationofbreastsurgery.org.uk) (accessed 11 October 2024)."},{"key":"bibr4-02841851241287924","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute, Cancer State. Available at: http:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/statfacts\/html\/breast.html (accessed 11 October 2024)."},{"key":"bibr5-02841851241287924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2018.19.5.978"},{"key":"bibr6-02841851241287924","first-page":"222","volume":"1968","author":"Ramirez G","year":"1960","journal-title":"Arch Surg Chic Ill"},{"key":"bibr7-02841851241287924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.143.3.469"},{"key":"bibr8-02841851241287924","unstructured":"Willet AM, Mitchell MJ, Lee MJR. Best practice diagnostic guidelines for patient presenting with breast symptoms. Associations of Breast Surgery; 2010. Available at: http:\/\/associationofbreastsurgery.org.uk\/professionals\/information-hub\/guidelines\/2010\/best-practice-diagnostic-guidelines-for-patients-presenting-with-breast-cancer-symptoms (accessed accessed 11 October 2024)."},{"key":"bibr9-02841851241287924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.196.1.7784555"},{"key":"bibr10-02841851241287924","unstructured":"Royal College of Radiologists. Guidance on screening and symptomatic breast imaging. 4th edn. London: RCR, 2019. Available at: https:\/\/www.rcr.ac.uk\/our-services\/all-our-publications\/clinical-radiology-publications\/guidance-on-screening-and-symptomatic-breast-imaging-fourth-edition\/ (accessed accessed 11 October 2024)."},{"key":"bibr11-02841851241287924","unstructured":"Non-operative Diagnosis Working Group of the UK National Coordinating Committee for Breast Pathology). Guidelines for non-operative diagnostic procedures and reporting in breast cancer screening. 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