{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:35:24Z","timestamp":1777509324408,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Axial computed tomography (CT) cross-sections offer an accessible model for assessing diverse pathologies associated with hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) based on the Hershkovitz classification.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n To delineate the CT characteristics of HFI, emphasizing a radiological description using the Hershkovitz classification. It investigated whether the Hershkovitz classification can be predicted using density, a variable unexplored in the literature. HFI thickness and the presence of concurrent hyperostosis beyond the frontal bone (HBFB) were evaluated across varying degrees of the Hershkovitz classification.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n This retrospective study evaluated characteristics of HFI on CT. Each case was assigned a Hershkovitz classification. Density and thickness of the HFI along with the presence of concurrent HBFB were evaluated and correlated with the Hershkovitz classification.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Axial CT of 77 patients with HFI was evaluated. Patient characteristics including sex were uncorrelated with CT measurements (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009>\u20090.25) and Hershkovitz classification (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009>\u20090.06). Increasing HFI thickness was associated with a higher Hershkovitz classification (odds ratio [OR] = 1.863, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.452\u20132.389;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001), and increasing density of HFI was associated with a lower Hershkovitz classification (OR = 0.995, 95% CI = 0.992\u20130.998;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.002). Higher Hershkovitz classification was also found to be associated with the presence of concurrent HBFB (OR = 31.694, 95% CI = 6.483\u2013154.938;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n In our cohort, Hershkovitz classification on axial CT correlated with increased HFI thickness, presence of HBFB, and lower HFI density.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02841851251313557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T01:13:51Z","timestamp":1738631631000},"page":"450-458","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Investigating hyperostosis frontalis interna: a computed tomography analysis and predictive model for Hershkovitz classification"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8720-6789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raza","family":"Mushtaq","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anish","family":"Bhandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Srinivasan","family":"Vedantham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard Joseph","family":"Wruble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Unni","family":"Udayasankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel N","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(199907)109:3<303::AID-AJPA3>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"206","article-title":"Hyperostosis frontalis interna: case report and review of literature","volume":"34","author":"She R","year":"2004","unstructured":"She R, Szakacs J. Hyperostosis frontalis interna: case report and review of literature. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2004;34:206\u2013208.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2011.01413.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.2.291"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2011.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1212(199703)7:2<157::AID-OA331>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3242"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS2004173"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.63.3.309"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npg.2021.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.131.2.155"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100016395"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1127\/homo\/2020\/1134"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-007-0426-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.21274"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22325"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-020-00730-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199002153220707"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2830"}],"container-title":["Acta Radiologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02841851251313557","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/02841851251313557","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02841851251313557","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:34:29Z","timestamp":1777390469000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/02841851251313557"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/02841851251313557"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02841851251313557","relation":{},"ISSN":["0284-1851","1600-0455"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0284-1851","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0455","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]]}}}