{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T11:46:54Z","timestamp":1784807214316,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742947200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Radiol"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pediatric congenital heart disease (CHD) patients often undergo procedures involving ionizing radiation for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Their cumulative radiation burden may increase their risk of late effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess radiation exposures from cardiac catheterization and thoracic imaging in pediatric CHD patients, stratified by diagnosis, age, and imaging modality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Radiation exposure (cardiac catheterization, thoracic computed tomography [CT] and radiography) was retrospectively collected for individuals aged &lt;18 years (born 2000\u20132020) with at least one catheterization for CHD. Cumulative effective dose (CED) was estimated per patient by diagnosis. Age-based variation in examination frequency and exposure was examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1574 patients underwent 23,558 radiographic examinations. The most common diagnoses, atrial septal defect (ASD; 31% of the cohort) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA; 30%), had a median CED of 2.3 and 2.9\u2005mSv, respectively. The diagnoses resulting in highest CEDs were hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS; 2.6%, 37.5 mSv), double inlet left ventricle (DILV; 2.4%, 48.4\u2005mSv), and double outlet right ventricle (DORV; 2.6%, 31.3\u2005mSv). Cardiac catheterization, thoracic CT, and radiography contributed 94%, 4%, and 2% of CED, respectively. Effective doses per patient for each diagnosis varied with age. Doses from cardiac catheterizations tended to be higher for patients exposed at \u226430 versus 31\u201390\u2005months old.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most patients with ASD and PDA had low CED and patients with HLHS, DILV, and DORV received \u226530 mSv. Patients with severe CHD often required early catheterization, which, in turn, led to higher effective doses in these patients due to larger conversion coefficients between dose area product\/dose length product and effective dose in individuals aged \u226430 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02841851251327896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T18:12:39Z","timestamp":1743012759000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cumulative radiation dose in children with congenital heart disease: national data 2000\u20132021, stratified by diagnosis, age, and imaging modality"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6685-6608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susmita","family":"Afroz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry, Radiography and Lighting Design, University of South-Eastern Norway, Drammen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f8rn H","family":"\u00d8ster\u00e5s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Computational Radiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Utheya S","family":"Thevathas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry, Radiography and Lighting Design, University of South-Eastern Norway, Drammen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lise","family":"Heiberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trude E","family":"Robsahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilde M","family":"Olerud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry, Radiography and Lighting Design, University of South-Eastern Norway, Drammen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaute","family":"Dohlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genom-083118-015012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01886-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2014.07.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erikssen G Liest\u00f8l K Seem E et al. Achievements in congenital heart defect surgery. Circulation 2015;131:337\u2013346.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.012033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2008.160309"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.10.074"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"252","article-title":"Cumulative effective and individual organ dose levels in paediatric patients undergoing multiple catheterisations for congenital heart disease","volume":"176","author":"Jones TP","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jones TP, Brennan PC, Ryan E. Cumulative effective and individual organ dose levels in paediatric patients undergoing multiple catheterisations for congenital heart disease. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2017;176:252\u2013257.","journal-title":"Radiat Prot Dosimetry"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005425"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2014.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-014-0984-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-023-05774-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hill KD Frush DP Han BK et al. Radiation safety in children with congenital and acquired heart disease: a scientific position statement on multimodality dose optimization from the image gently alliance. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2017;10:797\u2013818.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2017.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(22)00655-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1051\/epjn\/2023009","article-title":"Health effects of ionising radiation in paediatrics undergoing either cardiac fluoroscopy or modern radiotherapy (The HARMONIC project)","volume":"9","author":"Thierry-Chef I","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thierry-Chef I, Timmermann B, Journy N, et al. Health effects of ionising radiation in paediatrics undergoing either cardiac fluoroscopy or modern radiotherapy (The HARMONIC project). EPJ Nucl Sci Technol 2023;9:22.","journal-title":"EPJ Nucl Sci Technol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"1074","article-title":"The HARMONIC project: study design for assessment of cancer risks following cardiac fluoroscopy in childhood","volume":"40","author":"Harbron RW","year":"2020","unstructured":"Harbron RW, Thierry-Chef I, Pearce MS, et al. The HARMONIC project: study design for assessment of cancer risks following cardiac fluoroscopy in childhood. J Radiol Prot 2020;40:1074.","journal-title":"J Radiol Prot"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El Sayed MH Roushdy AM El Farghaly H et al. Radiation exposure in children during the current era of pediatric cardiac intervention. Pediatr Cardiol 2012;33:27\u201335.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-011-0064-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/19929794","article-title":"Diagnostic reference levels and effective dose in pediatric cardiac catheterization","volume":"80","author":"Onnasch D","year":"2007","unstructured":"Onnasch D, Schr\u00f6der F, Fischer G, et al. Diagnostic reference levels and effective dose in pediatric cardiac catheterization. Br J Radiol 2007;80:177\u2013185.","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2014.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.26024","article-title":"Achievable radiation reduction during pediatric cardiac catheterization: how low can we go?","volume":"86","author":"Borik S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Borik S, Devadas S, Mroczek D, et al. Achievable radiation reduction during pediatric cardiac catheterization: how low can we go? Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2015;86:841\u2013848.","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-014-0895-5","article-title":"Local reference levels and organ doses from pediatric cardiac interventional procedures","volume":"35","author":"Barnaoui S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barnaoui S, Rehel JL, Baysson H, et al. Local reference levels and organ doses from pediatric cardiac interventional procedures. Pediatr Cardiol 2014;35:1037\u20131045.","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-014-0869-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.23118","article-title":"Characterization of radiation exposure and effect of a radiation monitoring policy in a large volume pediatric cardiac catheterization lab","volume":"79","author":"Verghese GR","year":"2012","unstructured":"Verghese GR, McElhinney DB, Strauss KJ, et al. Characterization of radiation exposure and effect of a radiation monitoring policy in a large volume pediatric cardiac catheterization lab. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2012;79:294\u2013301.","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/45\/10\/323"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/57217783"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncn035","article-title":"Radiation dose survey in a paediatric cardiac catheterisation laboratory equipped with flat-panel detectors","volume":"129","author":"Dragusin O","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dragusin O, Gewillig M, Desmet W, et al. Radiation dose survey in a paediatric cardiac catheterisation laboratory equipped with flat-panel detectors. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2008;129:91\u201395.","journal-title":"Radiat Prot Dosimetry"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951117002244","article-title":"Nomenclature for congenital and paediatric cardiac disease: the international paediatric and congenital cardiac code (IPCCC) and the eleventh iteration of the international classification of diseases (ICD-11)","volume":"27","author":"Franklin RC","year":"2017","unstructured":"Franklin RC, B\u00e9land MJ, Colan SD, et al. Nomenclature for congenital and paediatric cardiac disease: the international paediatric and congenital cardiac code (IPCCC) and the eleventh iteration of the international classification of diseases (ICD-11). Cardiol Young 2017;27:1872\u20131938.","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems 10th revision; ICD-10 Version:2019. Geneva: WHO. Available at: https:\/\/icd.who.int\/browse10\/2019\/en (accessed 11th April 2023)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","article-title":"The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection","volume":"37","author":"ICRP","year":"2007","unstructured":"ICRP. The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Ann ICRP 2007;37:1\u2013133.","journal-title":"Ann ICRP"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10100047"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","unstructured":"LightSpeedTM VCT technical reference manual. Waukesha WI: GE Healthcare; 2011. Available at: https:\/\/www.meditegic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pdfs\/GE_LightSpeed_CT.pdf (accessed 23 April 2024)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","volume-title":"PCXMC, A Monte Carlo program for calculating patient doses in medical x-ray examinations. Report STUK -A231","author":"Tapiovaara M","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tapiovaara M, Siiskonen T. PCXMC, A Monte Carlo program for calculating patient doses in medical x-ray examinations. Report STUK -A231. 2nd ed. Helsinki: Finnish Centre for Radiation and Nuclear Safety, 2008.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","volume-title":"Stata statistical software: Release 17","author":"StataCorp","year":"2021","unstructured":"StataCorp. Stata statistical software: Release 17. College Station, TX: StataCorp LLC, 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-0803.2012.00709.x","article-title":"Cardiac catheterization and interventional procedures as part of staged surgical palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Hansen JH","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hansen JH, Runge U, Uebing A, et al. Cardiac catheterization and interventional procedures as part of staged surgical palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Congenit Heart Dis 2012;7:565\u2013574.","journal-title":"Congenit Heart Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S104795111800135X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.12968\/hosp.2002.63.1.1721","article-title":"Hypoplastic left heart syndrome: diagnosis and management","volume":"63","author":"Andrews R","year":"2002","unstructured":"Andrews R, Tulloh R. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome: diagnosis and management. Hosp Med 2002;63:24\u201327.","journal-title":"Hosp Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244558","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1244558","article-title":"Double outlet right ventricle","volume":"11","author":"Bell-Cheddar Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bell-Cheddar Y, Devine WA, Diaz-Castrillon CE, et al. Double outlet right ventricle. Front Pediatr 2023;11:1244558.","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s11936-007-0059-5","article-title":"Double inlet left ventricle","volume":"9","author":"Vyas H","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vyas H, Hagler DJ. Double inlet left ventricle. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med 2007;9:391\u2013398.","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children6050069"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2150135110383878"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-99-2862-0","volume-title":"Congenital and paediatric acquired heart disease in practice","author":"Cheung YF","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cheung YF. Congenital and paediatric acquired heart disease in practice. Singapore: Springer Nature, 2023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050500433817","article-title":"Atrial and ventricular septal defects \u2013 epidemiology and spontaneous closure","volume":"19","author":"Garne E","year":"2006","unstructured":"Garne E. Atrial and ventricular septal defects \u2013 epidemiology and spontaneous closure. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2006;19:271\u2013276.","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(83)90585-4","article-title":"Spontaneous closure of secundum atrial septal defect in infants and young children","volume":"52","author":"Cockerham JT","year":"1983","unstructured":"Cockerham JT, Martin TC, Gutierrez FR, et al. Spontaneous closure of secundum atrial septal defect in infants and young children. Am J Cardiol 1983;52:1267\u20131271.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-019-1708-z","article-title":"Early prediction of spontaneous patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure and PDA-associated outcomes: a prospective cohort investigation","volume":"19","author":"Slaughter JL","year":"2019","unstructured":"Slaughter JL, Cua CL, Notestine JL, et al. Early prediction of spontaneous patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure and PDA-associated outcomes: a prospective cohort investigation. BMC Pediatr 2019;19:333.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-4258","article-title":"Spontaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus in infants \u22641500\u2005g","volume":"140","author":"Semberova J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Semberova J, Sirc J, Miletin J, et al. Spontaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus in infants \u22641500\u2005g. Pediatrics 2017;140:e20164258.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.00541"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61339-6","article-title":"Ventricular septal defect","volume":"377","author":"Penny DJ","year":"2011","unstructured":"Penny DJ, Vick GW. Ventricular septal defect. Lancet 2011;377:1103\u20131112.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62145-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.2165\/00129784-200101060-00004","article-title":"Contemporary management of children with atrial septal defects","volume":"1","author":"Bennhagen RG","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bennhagen RG, McLaughlin P, Benson LN. Contemporary management of children with atrial septal defects. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2001;1:445\u2013453.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiovasc Drugs"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2011.09.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2014.01.008","article-title":"Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus: past, present and future","volume":"107","author":"Baruteau AE","year":"2014","unstructured":"Baruteau AE, Hasco\u00ebt S, Baruteau J, et al. Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus: past, present and future. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2014;107:122\u2013132.","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s11936-005-0022-2","article-title":"Double outlet right ventricle: opinions regarding management","volume":"7","author":"Cetta F","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cetta F, Boston US, Dearani JA, et al. Double outlet right ventricle: opinions regarding management. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med 2005;7:385\u2013390.","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.09.056","article-title":"Anatomic, imaging, and clinical characteristics of double-inlet, double-outlet right ventricle","volume":"105","author":"Saleeb SF","year":"2010","unstructured":"Saleeb SF, Juraszek A, Geva T. Anatomic, imaging, and clinical characteristics of double-inlet, double-outlet right ventricle. Am J Cardiol 2010;105:542\u2013549.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0000000000001114","article-title":"Diagnostic reference levels, deterministic and stochastic risks in pediatric interventional cardiology procedures","volume":"118","author":"Rizk C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rizk C, Fares G, Vanhavere F, et al. Diagnostic reference levels, deterministic and stochastic risks in pediatric interventional cardiology procedures. Health Phys 2020;118:185.","journal-title":"Health Phys"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.341135026","article-title":"CT and MR imaging of the pulmonary valve","volume":"34","author":"Saremi F","year":"2014","unstructured":"Saremi F, Gera A, Yen Ho S, et al. CT and MR imaging of the pulmonary valve. RadioGraphics 2014;34:51\u201371.","journal-title":"RadioGraphics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2021.0248"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4250\/jcvi.2020.0196"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0000000000000396","article-title":"Imaging spectrum of double-outlet right ventricle on multislice computed tomography","volume":"34","author":"Priya S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Priya S, Nagpal P, Sharma A, et al. Imaging spectrum of double-outlet right ventricle on multislice computed tomography. J Thorac Imaging 2019;34:W89\u2013W99.","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637838","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.637838","article-title":"Noninvasive imaging in interventional cardiology: hypoplastic left heart syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Bellsham-Revell H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bellsham-Revell H. Noninvasive imaging in interventional cardiology: hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021;8:637838.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-021-01523-1","article-title":"Atrioventricular septal defects: pathology, imaging, and treatment options","volume":"23","author":"Taqatqa AS","year":"2021","unstructured":"Taqatqa AS, Vettukattil JJ. Atrioventricular septal defects: pathology, imaging, and treatment options. Curr Cardiol Rep 2021;23:93.","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.14.12529","article-title":"CT and MRI of aortic coarctation: pre- and postsurgical findings","volume":"204","author":"Karaosmanoglu AD","year":"2015","unstructured":"Karaosmanoglu AD, Khawaja RDA, Onur MR, et al. CT and MRI of aortic coarctation: pre- and postsurgical findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2015;204:W224\u2013W233.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2015.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","article-title":"Coarctation of aorta in children","volume":"10","author":"Doshi AR","year":"2018","unstructured":"Doshi AR, Chikkabyrappa S. Coarctation of aorta in children. Cureus 2018;10:e3690.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2017-311173"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2013.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncm425","article-title":"The application of effective dose to medical exposures","volume":"128","author":"Martin CJ","year":"2008","unstructured":"Martin CJ. The application of effective dose to medical exposures. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2008;128:1\u20134.","journal-title":"Radiat Prot Dosimetry"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","first-page":"261","article-title":"The contribution of interventional cardiology procedures to the population radiation dose in a \u2018health-care level i\u2019representative region","volume":"168","author":"Peruzzo Cornetto A","year":"2016","unstructured":"Peruzzo Cornetto A, Aimonetto S, Pisano F, et al. The contribution of interventional cardiology procedures to the population radiation dose in a \u2018health-care level i\u2019representative region. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2016;168:261\u2013270.","journal-title":"Radiat Prot Dosimetry"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2019.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/52\/2\/001","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of equivalent dose to organs and tissues of the patient and of the physician in interventional radiology using the Monte Carlo method","volume":"52","author":"Bozkurt A","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bozkurt A, Bor D. Simultaneous determination of equivalent dose to organs and tissues of the patient and of the physician in interventional radiology using the Monte Carlo method. Phys Med Biol 2006;52:317.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3544353","article-title":"The impact of anthropometric patient-phantom matching on organ dose: a hybrid phantom study for fluoroscopy guided interventions","volume":"38","author":"Johnson PB","year":"2011","unstructured":"Johnson PB, Geyer A, Borrego D, et al. The impact of anthropometric patient-phantom matching on organ dose: a hybrid phantom study for fluoroscopy guided interventions. Med Phys 2011;38:1008\u20131017.","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6437","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/53\/22\/011","article-title":"CALDose_X\u2014a software tool for the assessment of organ and tissue absorbed doses, effective dose and cancer risks in diagnostic radiology","volume":"53","author":"Kramer R","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kramer R, Khoury HJ, Vieira JW. CALDose_X\u2014a software tool for the assessment of organ and tissue absorbed doses, effective dose and cancer risks in diagnostic radiology. Phys Med Biol 2008;53:6437.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"}],"container-title":["Acta Radiologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02841851251327896","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/02841851251327896","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02841851251327896","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:34:36Z","timestamp":1777390476000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/02841851251327896"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/02841851251327896"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02841851251327896","relation":{},"ISSN":["0284-1851","1600-0455"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0284-1851","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0455","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]]},"article-number":"02841851251327896"}}