{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:36:49Z","timestamp":1777509409341,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750896000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) remains the best method to diagnose and to determine vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) grade.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine necessity and indications of VCUG and to investigate high-grade VUR predictors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We retrospectively reviewed data. The patients were sorted into three age groups: 0\u201312 months; 13\u201324 months; and above 24 months. Student\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test, Mann\u2013Whitney U test, ANOVA, and Kruskal Wallis test were used to compare the means between groups. Pearson\u2019s correlation test was used for correlation analysis. Risk factors were determined by multivariate regression analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The most common indication for VCUG was recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). VCUG revealed VUR in 96 (18.4%) patients, posterior urethral valve (PUV) in 13 (2.5%) patients, and bladder anomalies in 14 (2.6%) patients. Neither sex nor age was statistically significantly associated with presence or grades of VUR. Multivariate analysis showed that a history of recurrent UTI (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008), a presence of high-grade hydronephrosis (HN) on renal-bladder ultrasound (RBUS) (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), and a presence of scarring on dimercaptosuccinic acid renal cortical scintigraphy (DMSA) (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) were strongly associated with high-grade VUR. In addition, female sex, renal dysfunction, high-grade VUR, history of recurrent UTIs, and older age at diagnosis were identified as risk factors for renal scarring.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We highlight that the most common indication for VCUG is recurrent UTIs, which is associated with higher renal damage and high-grade VUR. If a VCUG should be considered for children with recurrent UTIs, high-grade HN and renal scaring, which are the predictors of high-grade VUR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02841851251344466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T11:03:13Z","timestamp":1750935793000},"page":"1077-1084","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Voiding cystourethrography practices: experiences in a tertiary pediatric referral hospital"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6483-8978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatma","family":"Yaz\u0131l\u0131ta\u015f","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, SB\u00dc Ankara Dr Sami Ulus \u00c7ocuk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 E\u011fitim Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Hastanesi, Ankara, 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Karg\u0131n","family":"\u00c7ak\u0131c\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, SB\u00dc Ankara Dr Sami Ulus \u00c7ocuk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 E\u011fitim Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Hastanesi, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Can Demir","family":"Karacan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyaz\u0131t University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Engin","family":"Y\u0131lmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatric Surgery, Privately, \u0130stanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hasibe G\u00f6k\u00e7e","family":"\u00c7\u0131nar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, SB\u00dc Ankara Dr Sami Ulus \u00c7ocuk 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