{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T12:44:39Z","timestamp":1792586679122,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Several commercial artificial intelligence (Al) algorithms are available for detecting intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), but independent clinical validation remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare three commercially available Al algorithms for ICH detection on non- contrast head computed tomography (NCHCT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this retrospective study, 4027 consecutive NCHCT examinations from a large emergency hospital in southwest Sweden were analyzed. Three Al algorithms were applied, with one vendor disclosing participation. Reports from two radiologists and all Al outputs were evaluated. Human-AI performance was assessed using an idealized logical OR model, assuming radiologists perfectly dismissed all false-positive Al flags to calculate system specificity. All positive or discrepant cases underwent expert manual review using two-tier consensus adjudication as the reference standard.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 3902 evaluable examinations, 3517 were consistently negative by all readers. The remaining 385 cases underwent manual review, confirming ICH in 176 cases (4.5% prevalence) and excluding it in 209. Eight ICH cases missed by both radiologists were detected by at least one Al system. Aidoc performed best, with 90.3% sensitivity and 99.0% specificity. A simulated mathematical combination of Aidoc with a human reader increased sensitivity to 96.0% while maintaining 99.4% specificity (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), comparable to two radiologists.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Al performance varied substantially, with only one system demonstrating clinically relevant accuracy. Combining Al with human interpretation improved ICH detection and shows promise for future clinical implementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02841851261484026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T14:04:25Z","timestamp":1789481065000},"page":"921-931","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Retrospective comparison of three commercial artificial intelligence algorithms for detection of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in the emergency radiology department"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Kristoffer","family":"J\u00e4rlevi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00f6dersjukhuset"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Lindbom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00f6dersjukhuset"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Lindholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00f6dersjukhuset"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3477-3848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustav","family":"Alvfeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00f6dersjukhuset"},{"name":"Karolinska Institutet"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6532-9363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chikako","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00f6dersjukhuset"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3915-9620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael L","family":"Wilczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00f6dersjukhuset"},{"name":"Karolinska Institutet"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-022-01530-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-021-07892-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-023-01291-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260560"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-021-02874-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-019-02330-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.656112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","volume-title":"Radiologiska unders\u00f6kningar i Sverige under 2018 (Radiological examinations in Sweden in 2018)","author":"Alm\u00e9n A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alm\u00e9n A, Jangland L. 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