{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T23:42:18Z","timestamp":1792712538660,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,7]],"date-time":"2014-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,7]],"date-time":"2014-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389052800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To determine the role of serine protease in the disruption of the blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) during\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                      meningitis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Reverse transcription\u2013polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the production of serine protease by different strains of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                      . BBB permeability in immunosuppressed rats inoculated with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                      or\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                      plus aprotinin was examined via Evans blue staining. In\u00a0vitro BBB permeability (transwell passage of horseradish peroxidase) was determined in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) cultured with serine protease or serine protease plus aprotinin. Electron microscopy of rat brain tissue was used to visualise\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Serine protease mRNA and protein were detected in all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                      serotypes.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection increased BBB permeability in\u00a0vivo, but this effect was ameliorated by aprotinin. Treatment of BMECs with serine protease increased permeability in\u00a0vitro. This effect was reversed by aprotinin.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Serine protease secreted by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                      leads to BBB disruption during\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      meningitis. Serine protease may be a novel treatment target for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      meningitis\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060513504365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,7]],"date-time":"2014-01-07T22:47:53Z","timestamp":1389134873000},"page":"85-92","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Increased permeability of blood\u2013brain barrier is mediated by serine protease during\n                    <i>Cryptococcus<\/i>\n                    meningitis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Chi-Yu","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Mei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Hua","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cui-Jie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"465","article-title":"Successful treatment of Cryptococcal meningitis with a combination of liposomal amphotericin B, flucytosine and posaconazole: two case reports","volume":"23","author":"Esposito V","year":"2009","unstructured":"Esposito V, Viglietti R, Gargiulo M, et al. Successful treatment of Cryptococcal meningitis with a combination of liposomal amphotericin B, flucytosine and posaconazole: two case reports. In Vivo 2009; 23: 465\u2013468.","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.77.914.769"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/604716"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/24.2.131"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/14.Supplement_1.S54"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200205030-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"1074","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans activates RhoGTPases followed by PKC, FAK and ezrin to enhance traversal across the blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"10","author":"Kim JC","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim JC, Crary B, Chang YC, et al. Cryptococcus neoformans activates RhoGTPases followed by PKC, FAK and ezrin to enhance traversal across the blood\u2013brain barrier. J Biol Chem 2012; 10: 1074\u20131074.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.9.4985-4995.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01065-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)62265-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00359.2010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.2.405-411.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0882-4010(02)00195-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.02360"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00711.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.171595"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-007-0441-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.7.4536-4544.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/4D1A04NCDK96WFY7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/379042"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63734-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.4.2229-2239.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001721-199809000-00003"}],"container-title":["Journal of International Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0300060513504365","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0300060513504365","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0300060513504365","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:52:16Z","timestamp":1777459936000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0300060513504365"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,7]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0300060513504365"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0300060513504365","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-0605","1473-2300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-0605","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-2300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,7]]}}}