{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:40:43Z","timestamp":1791567643355,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,5]],"date-time":"2014-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391558400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,5]],"date-time":"2014-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391558400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effectiveness of topical eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics (EMLA\u00ae) cream in reducing the pain associated with vaccination injections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study that included children who presented for routine immunization. Eligible children were randomly assigned to receive either EMLA\u00ae or placebo cream. The Modified Behavioural Pain Scale (MBPS) was used to assess baseline and postvaccination pain scores, while a visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess pain at the time of the needle prick and at the end of the injection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 107 children were enrolled in the EMLA\u00ae group and 109 children in the placebo group. The difference between the pre- and postvaccination MBPS scores was significantly lower in the EMLA group than in the placebo group (2.56\u2009\u00b1\u20091.96 versus 3.95\u2009\u00b1\u20092.20, respectively). The VAS scores at the time of the needle prick and after the injection were significantly lower in the EMLA\u00ae group compared with the placebo group (1.60\u2009\u00b1\u20091.67 versus 3.24\u2009\u00b1\u20092.01; 3.29\u2009\u00b1\u20092.27 versus 4.86\u2009\u00b1\u20092.20; respectively).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Application of EMLA\u00ae cream can be effectively incorporated as a routine pain-relieving intervention within routine vaccination appointments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060513509473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,5]],"date-time":"2014-02-05T23:47:51Z","timestamp":1391644071000},"page":"329-336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["EMLA\u00ae cream: A pain-relieving strategy for childhood vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Manal","family":"Abuelkheir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deema","family":"Alsourani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayman","family":"Al-Eyadhy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad-Hani","family":"Temsah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sultan Ayoub","family":"Meo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahad","family":"Alzamil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2006.00798_1.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e31803"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-3351"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-1107"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","first-page":"S152","article-title":"Inadequate pain management during routine childhood immunizations: the nerve of it","volume":"31","author":"Taddio A","unstructured":"Taddio A, Chambers CT, Halperin SA, et al. Inadequate pain management during routine childhood immunizations: the nerve of it. ClinTher 200931(suppl. 2): S152\u2013S167.","journal-title":"ClinTher 2009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","first-page":"172","article-title":"Fear of needles \u2013 nature and prevalence in general practice","volume":"38","author":"Wright S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wright S, Yelland M, Heathcote K, et al. Fear of needles \u2013 nature and prevalence in general practice. Aust Fam Physician 2009; 38: 172\u2013176.","journal-title":"Aust Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","unstructured":"EMLA\u00ae Cream Package insert AstraZeneca. http:\/\/www.astrazeneca.ca\/en\/Our-Medicines\/en-Products-AZ (accessed 7 December 2013)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.101720"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","first-page":"197","article-title":"Survey of attitudes and practices of physicians and nurses regarding analgesia during routine childhood immunizations","volume":"21","author":"Kikuta A","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kikuta A, Boon H, Shah V, et al. Survey of attitudes and practices of physicians and nurses regarding analgesia during routine childhood immunizations. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2010; 21: 197\u2013197.","journal-title":"Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","unstructured":"National Immunization Programme Basic Vaccination Schedule. Ministry of Health Saudi Arabia. http:\/\/www.moh.gov.sa\/en\/HealthAwareness\/EducationalContent\/HealthTips\/Pages\/Tips-005.aspx (accessed 7 December 2013)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0885-3924(95)00058-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.12.051"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.08.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2001.tb01584.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200205000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(00)64169-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2009.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1055g"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/381864"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31822af81c"}],"container-title":["Journal of International Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0300060513509473","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0300060513509473","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0300060513509473","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:52:22Z","timestamp":1777459942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0300060513509473"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,5]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0300060513509473"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0300060513509473","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-0605","1473-2300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-0605","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-2300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,5]]}}}