{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:06:19Z","timestamp":1787018779497,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]],"date-time":"2017-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488758400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of pentoxifylline (PTF) plus angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)\/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) for proteinuria and kidney function in chronic kidney disease (CKD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CENTRAL, EMBASE, Ovid-MEDLINE, PubMed, and CNKI were searched for relevant, randomized, controlled trials (RCTs). A meta-analysis was performed to review the effect of PTF plus ACEIs\/ARBs vs. ACEIs\/ARBs alone on proteinuria and kidney function in CKD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eleven RCTs including 705 patients were retrieved. PTF plus ACEI\/ARB treatment significantly decreased proteinuria in patients with CKD within 6 months (standard mean difference [SMD] \u22120.52; 95% CI \u22120.90 to 0.15; I\n                      <jats:sup>2\u2009<\/jats:sup>\n                      =\u200968%) and significantly attenuated a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with stages 3\u20135 CKD after 6 months of treatment (standard mean difference [SMD] 0.30; confidence limit [Cl] 95% CI 0.06 to 0.54; I\n                      <jats:sup>2\u2009<\/jats:sup>\n                      =\u20090%). PTF plus ACEIs\/ARBs for 9 to 12 months significantly reduced albuminuria in patients with CKD (SMD\u22120.30, 95% CI \u22120.57 to 0.03; I\n                      <jats:sup>2\u2009<\/jats:sup>\n                      =\u20090%) and alleviated the decline in eGFR in patients with stages 3\u20135 CKD (SMD 0.51; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.96; I\n                      <jats:sup>2\u2009<\/jats:sup>\n                      =\u200961%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The combination of an ACEI or ARB and PTF has a protective effect in reducing proteinuria by ameliorating the decline in eGFR in patients with stages 3\u20135 CKD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060516663094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]],"date-time":"2017-03-06T07:47:40Z","timestamp":1488786460000},"page":"383-398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Pentoxifylline plus ACEIs\/ARBs for proteinuria and kidney function in chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Dong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, the Air Force General Hospital, Chinese PLA. Beijing, 100142, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-na","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Henan Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-xia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, the Air Force General Hospital, Chinese PLA. Beijing, 100142, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang-bo","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei-yan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0300060516663094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2015.98"},{"key":"bibr2-0300060516663094","first-page":"201","volume":"93","author":"Indridason OS","year":"2007","journal-title":"Laeknabladid"},{"key":"bibr3-0300060516663094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa042274"},{"key":"bibr4-0300060516663094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/801348"},{"key":"bibr5-0300060516663094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.883949"},{"key":"bibr6-0300060516663094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-015-0068-7"},{"key":"bibr7-0300060516663094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-015-9808-7"},{"key":"bibr8-0300060516663094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137876"},{"key":"bibr9-0300060516663094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.9537"},{"key":"bibr10-0300060516663094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2015.06.012"},{"key":"bibr11-0300060516663094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000034909.10994.8A"},{"key":"bibr12-0300060516663094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(02)02428-7"},{"key":"bibr13-0300060516663094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7613.150351"},{"key":"bibr14-0300060516663094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-015-0968-2"},{"key":"bibr15-0300060516663094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134104"},{"key":"bibr16-0300060516663094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2010.02.007"},{"key":"bibr17-0300060516663094","first-page":"S1","volume":"39","author":"National Kidney Foundation","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"bibr18-0300060516663094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-5-13"},{"key":"bibr19-0300060516663094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557"},{"key":"bibr20-0300060516663094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928"},{"key":"bibr21-0300060516663094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014010012"},{"key":"bibr22-0300060516663094","first-page":"790","volume":"32","author":"Ghorbani A","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nefrologia"},{"key":"bibr23-0300060516663094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005010001"},{"key":"bibr24-0300060516663094","first-page":"119","volume":"57","author":"Renke M","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Pol"},{"key":"bibr25-0300060516663094","first-page":"309","volume":"2","author":"Oliaei F","year":"2011","journal-title":"Caspian J Intern Med"},{"key":"bibr26-0300060516663094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.05.012"},{"key":"bibr27-0300060516663094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(03)00651-6"},{"key":"bibr28-0300060516663094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08860221003602645"},{"key":"bibr29-0300060516663094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.11.026"},{"key":"bibr30-0300060516663094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/JDI-120021159"},{"key":"bibr31-0300060516663094","unstructured":"LV JL, LV LQ, Shao Y, et al. 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