{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T01:31:39Z","timestamp":1790299899681,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,24]],"date-time":"2018-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529798400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate how isoflurane affects T-cell function by assaying interleukin (IL)-2 production and the expression of two Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (Cbl) family proto-oncogenes (c-Cbl and Cbl-b) in rat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adult male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were randomly allocated to those that underwent blood collection after brief isoflurane anesthesia (control group), immediately after 4 hours of isoflurane general anesthesia (4I group), and 1 day after 4 hours of isoflurane general anesthesia (1D 4I group). IL-1, IL-2, and IL-6 mRNA levels and c-Cbl and Cbl-b levels in PBMCs were determined by polymerase chain reaction. Ubiquitination of protein kinase C\u03b8 (PKC\u03b8) and phospholipase C-\u03b31 (PLC-\u03b31) in PBMCs was assessed by immunoprecipitation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The IL-2 mRNA level in rat PBMCs was significantly lower in the 4I and 1D 4I groups than in the control group. c-Cbl, Cbl-b, and ubiquitin expression was significantly increased and zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70, PLC-\u03b31, and PKC\u03b8 protein levels were significantly decreased in the 4I group. Ubiquitination of PLC-\u03b31 and PKC\u03b8 was significantly increased in the 4I group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Isoflurane influences ubiquitin, c-Cbl, and Cbl-b expression in rat PBMCs, indicating suppression of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways. These results suggest that isoflurane suppresses T-cell function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060518770955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,25]],"date-time":"2018-06-25T02:26:01Z","timestamp":1529893561000},"page":"2792-2802","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Isoflurane decreases interleukin-2 production by increasing c-Cbl and Cbl-b expression in rat peripheral blood mononuclear cells"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Ji Won","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byung Seop","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0300060518770955","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/51.1.37"},{"key":"bibr2-0300060518770955","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plein LM, Rittner HL. Opioids and the immune system - friend or foe.\n                      Br J Pharmacol\n                      2017 Feb 18. 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