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Interleukin (IL)-6 inhibitors represent a novel therapeutic option for rheumatoid arthritis and some autoinflammatory diseases. However, the clinical utility of IL-6 inhibitors in treating SAPHO syndrome has been poorly investigated. In the present report, we describe two patients with SAPHO syndrome that was unresponsive to conventional treatment. Tocilizumab, an anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, was putatively administered according to positive IL-6 immunohistochemical staining in biopsied bone tissues. However, the disease continued to progress, and new-onset or worsening skin lesions were noted with transient neutropenia. These cases demonstrate that tocilizumab may not be an ideal option for treating SAPHO syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060518806105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,15]],"date-time":"2018-11-15T03:48:55Z","timestamp":1542253735000},"page":"5309-5315","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Failure of tocilizumab in treating two patients with refractory SAPHO syndrome: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Xiao-Chuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2099-5140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical 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