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The case of a 41-year-old male patient with multiple isolated liver masses indistinguishable from primary and metastatic liver tumours is reported. Following laparotomy, the liver lesions were resected and histopathology confirmed a diagnosis of hepatic splenosis. At an 18-month follow-up examination, no abnormalities in routine blood test, liver function, and liver computed tomography (CT) scanning were observed. After review of the literature, the following diagnostic criteria for hepatic splenosis are proposed: (1) a history of splenic trauma or splenectomy; (2) lesion(s) with a surrounding rim, particularly near the liver capsule identified by CT scanning; (3) findings on superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging or technetium-99m heat-damaged red cell scanning; and (4) histopathological findings (needle biopsy or surgical pathology). The following diagnostic process is also proposed: suspect diagnosis when criteria 1 and 2 are met; make diagnosis when criterion 3 is met; confirm diagnosis when criterion 4 is met. Laparotomy is recommended for either diagnosis or treatment when invasive procedures are necessary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060519828901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]],"date-time":"2019-02-27T05:42:30Z","timestamp":1551246150000},"page":"1793-1801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Hepatic splenosis: Rare yet important \u2013 A case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5629-8163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianzhang","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianting","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ai","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hejun","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nianqiao","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000586"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1983.01390050083016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"421","article-title":"Abdominal splenosis.","volume":"103","author":"Ksiadzyna D","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ksiadzyna D, Pe\u00f1a AS. 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