{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T11:51:06Z","timestamp":1787313066801,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]],"date-time":"2019-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]],"date-time":"2019-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is a pre-malignant condition of the vulvar skin that is found in 50% to 70% of patients with vulvar squamous cell cancer and is regarded as a precursor of vulvar tumors. Thus far, treatment remains lesion- and patient-specific. Here, we describe a VIN patient who presented with a 15-month history of large lesions in the bilateral labium, associated with human papillomavirus infection. The lesions were inappropriate for surgical excision and laser ablation because of their size; therefore, they were treated with photodynamic therapy and concurrent topical 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride. The patient showed no recurrence throughout 2 years of post-treatment follow-up, and reported only slight pain during treatment. Moreover, no significant side effects or scarring were detected. Thus, we conclude that photodynamic therapy can be a useful alternative treatment for large VIN in the bilateral labium that cannot be excised or ablated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060519862940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]],"date-time":"2019-07-31T05:42:07Z","timestamp":1564551727000},"page":"4019-4026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Photodynamic therapy for treatment of usual-type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: a case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2054-4641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruina","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines6010013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"807","article-title":"Squamous vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: 2004 modified terminology, ISSVD vulvar oncology subcommittee","volume":"50","author":"Sideri M","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sideri M, Jones RW, Wilkinson EJ, et\u00a0al. 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