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This review describes the important role of SDF-1 in tissue injury and how it works in tissue revascularization and regeneration via CXCR4. Furthermore, factors influencing the SDF-1\/CXCR4 axis and its clinical potential in ischaemia reperfusion injury, such as renal transplantation, are discussed. Exploring signalling pathways of the SDF-1\/CXCR4 axis will contribute to the development of stem cell therapy so that more clinical problems can be solved. Controlling directional homing of stem cells through the SDF-1\/CXCR4 axis is key to improving the efficacy of stem cell therapy for tissue injury. 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