{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T13:16:50Z","timestamp":1777727810139,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,30]],"date-time":"2019-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569801600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the rural\u2013urban disparity in caesarean section rates using electronic health records from hospitals located in the Province of Inner Mongolia, which is a minority area in Northeastern China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study examined the electronic health records of women that gave birth in three major public hospitals between January 2012 and December 2016. Multinomial regression analyses were used to estimate rural\u2013urban disparities in caesarean section rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from 61\u00a0903 women were examined. Caesarean section rates increased slightly over the study period and the rate was significantly higher in rural compared with urban hospitals (48% versus 38%). This disparity consistently increased over time. Multinomial regression analyses showed that maternal age, ethnicity, health insurance type, employment status, reproductive history and the newborn\u2019s sex were significant risk factors associated with caesarean section rate. Furthermore, stratified analysis of first-time pregnancies, minorities and different age groups showed that the odds of undergoing an emergency caesarean section was lower in the rural hospital, but the odds of undergoing a planned caesarean section was higher in the rural hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Caesarean section rates have increased in rural areas and the disparity in rural\u2013urban areas has increased substantially over the years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060519877996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,30]],"date-time":"2019-09-30T22:53:35Z","timestamp":1569884015000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Rural\u2013urban disparities in caesarean section rates in minority areas in China: evidence from electronic health records"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Lili","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Policy and Management Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China"},{"name":"School of Health Management, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hai","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Policy and Management Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shangyuan","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Biao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Policy and Management Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kangzhen","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Affairs, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA"},{"name":"Meyers Primary Care Institute, A Joint Endeavor of University of Massachusetts Medical School, Reliant Medical Group, and Fallon Health, Worcester, MA, 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