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Herein, a review is presented of studies that have reported an association between infection and MS risk in countries of the Arabian Gulf region. Searches of the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases were carried out using various search terms, and relevant studies published through January 2019 on the epidemiology of MS in Gulf Cooperation Council countries identified. MS has been found to be associated with measles in Saudi Arabia and Epstein\u2013Barr virus in Kuwait whereas no association has been identified between risk of MS and varicella-zoster virus, mumps, or human herpesvirus-6. However, few epidemiological studies on this topic have been conducted in countries of the Gulf region. Longitudinal and serological studies to establish robust evidence between infection and risk of MS are highly recommended, and a regional MS registry is needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060519884151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,27]],"date-time":"2019-12-27T06:00:25Z","timestamp":1577426425000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association of infections with multiple sclerosis in Gulf Cooperation Council countries: a review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6029-9663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"O","family":"Al Wutayd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0300060519884151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2016.05.021"},{"key":"bibr2-0300060519884151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(07)79017-7"},{"key":"bibr3-0300060519884151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285613488434"},{"key":"bibr4-0300060519884151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12433"},{"key":"bibr5-0300060519884151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2008.02245.x"},{"key":"bibr6-0300060519884151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03003.x"},{"key":"bibr7-0300060519884151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30481-1"},{"key":"bibr8-0300060519884151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00663-X"},{"key":"bibr9-0300060519884151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2015.06.010"},{"key":"bibr10-0300060519884151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tan.13173"},{"key":"bibr11-0300060519884151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2014.07.013"},{"key":"bibr12-0300060519884151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2004.00901.x"},{"key":"bibr13-0300060519884151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-313X.2012.01104.x"},{"key":"bibr14-0300060519884151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs.16.2"},{"key":"bibr15-0300060519884151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2370.1997.00252.x"},{"key":"bibr16-0300060519884151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.4.549"},{"key":"bibr17-0300060519884151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-004-0350-2"},{"key":"bibr18-0300060519884151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2001.01457.x"},{"key":"bibr19-0300060519884151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200008)48:2<211::AID-ANA11>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"bibr20-0300060519884151","first-page":"531","volume":"9","author":"Al-Nashmi M","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Rep"},{"key":"bibr21-0300060519884151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458504ms1065oa"},{"key":"bibr22-0300060519884151","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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