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Inflammatory pain typically resolves following resolution of inflammation; however, nerve injury\u2014either peripheral or central\u2014may cause persistent neuropathic pain, which frequently manifests as hyperalgesia or allodynia. Neuralgias, malignant metastatic bone disease, and diabetic neuropathy are some of the conditions associated with severe, often unremitting chronic pain that is both physically and psychologically debilitating or disabling. Therefore, optimal pain management for patients with chronic neuropathic pain requires a multimodal approach that comprises pharmacological and psychological interventions. Non-opioid analgesics (e.g., paracetamol, aspirin, or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are first-line agents used in the treatment of mild-to-moderate acute pain, while opioids of increasing potency are indicated for the treatment of persistent, moderate-to-severe inflammatory pain. N-methyl D-aspartate receptor antagonists, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, or a combination of these should be considered for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain. This review discusses the various neural signals that mediate acute and chronic pain, as well as the general principles of pain management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060520903653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T01:57:30Z","timestamp":1589507850000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Selected pathobiological features and principles of pharmacological pain management"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Razia Abdool Gafaar","family":"Khammissa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Sefako Makgatho University, Pretoria, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raoul","family":"Ballyram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Sefako Makgatho University, Pretoria, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanine","family":"Fourie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Sefako Makgatho University, Pretoria, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Bouckaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Sefako Makgatho University, Pretoria, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Lemmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Sefako Makgatho University, Pretoria, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5221-7805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liviu","family":"Feller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Sefako Makgatho University, Pretoria, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0300060520903653","unstructured":"International Association for the Study of Pain. 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