{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T13:03:20Z","timestamp":1777727000816,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16ek0109060h0103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16ek0109060h0103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It remains unclear whether human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection influences therapeutic responses in patients with rheumatic diseases and whether immunosuppressive treatments increase the risk of HTLV-1-related complications in HTLV-1 carriers with rheumatic diseases. We examined the effects of tocilizumab (TCZ), an interleukin (IL)-6 receptor antagonist, on two HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines (HCT-5 and MT-2) in vitro.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated production of cytokines and chemokines, expression of HTLV-I associated genes, HTLV-1 proviral load (PVL), expression of HTLV-1 structural proteins, and apoptosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were no significant differences in cytokine and chemokine levels in the culture supernatants of HCT-5 and MT-2 cells treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or TCZ. No significant differences were detected in mRNA abundance of Tax or HBZ, PVL, expression of the HTLV-1 structural protein GAG, or apoptosis among HCT-5 and MT-2 cells treated with PBS or TCZ.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TCZ had no effect the cytokine profiles, HTLV-1 gene and protein expression, PVL, or apoptosis in HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines. Thus, TCZ treatment has no effect on HTLV-1 infection in vitro.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605211002083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T00:06:35Z","timestamp":1616371595000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Tocilizumab has no direct effect on cell lines infected with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7008-2334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yushiro","family":"Endo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shoichi","family":"Fukui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Koga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroo","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katsunori","family":"Yanagihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Okayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases, and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Miyazaki University, Miyazaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsufumi","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Work, Faculty of Human and Social Studies, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Kawakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03000605211002083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116789"},{"key":"bibr2-03000605211002083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-017-0191-2"},{"key":"bibr3-03000605211002083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/294770a0"},{"key":"bibr4-03000605211002083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.522579"},{"key":"bibr5-03000605211002083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.52.0468"},{"key":"bibr6-03000605211002083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520370037015"},{"key":"bibr7-03000605211002083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-12-257410"},{"key":"bibr8-03000605211002083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2010.01720.x"},{"key":"bibr9-03000605211002083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/300063a0"},{"key":"bibr10-03000605211002083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.12.3618"},{"key":"bibr11-03000605211002083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01527"},{"key":"bibr12-03000605211002083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken363"},{"key":"bibr13-03000605211002083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15216540500078715"},{"key":"bibr14-03000605211002083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2010.537"},{"key":"bibr15-03000605211002083","first-page":"1","author":"Eguchi 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