{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T23:00:11Z","timestamp":1784847611145,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Major Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province Health Commission","award":["WKJ-ZJ-2112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WKJ-ZJ-2112"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Secondary infection, especially bloodstream infection, is an important cause of death in critically ill patients with COVID-19. We aimed to describe secondary bloodstream infection (SBI) in critically ill adults with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU) and to explore risk factors related to SBI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We reviewed all SBI cases among critically ill patients with COVID-19 from 12 February 2020 to 24 March 2020 in the COVID-19 ICU of Jingmen First People's Hospital. We compared risk factors associated with bloodstream infection in this study. All SBIs were confirmed by blood culture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified five cases of SBI among the 32 patients: three with Enterococcus faecium, one mixed septicemia ( E. faecium and Candida albicans), and one C. parapsilosis. There were no significant differences between the SBI group and non-SBI group. Significant risk factors for SBI were extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, central venous catheter, indwelling urethral catheter, and nasogastric tube.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings confirmed that the incidence of secondary infection, particularly SBI, and mortality are high among critically ill patients with COVID-19. We showed that long-term hospitalization and invasive procedures such as tracheotomy, central venous catheter, indwelling urethral catheter, and nasogastric tube are risk factors for SBI and other complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605211062783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T11:36:46Z","timestamp":1639395406000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Secondary bloodstream infection in critically ill patients with COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Junli","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jingmen First People's Hospital, Hubei Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changming","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Jingmen First People's Hospital, Hubei Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiqing","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Therapy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Limin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dean\u2019s Office, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiancang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8573-350X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fangfang","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03000605211062783","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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