{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T13:17:06Z","timestamp":1777727826159,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the results of open versus closed reduction in intramedullary nailing (IMN) for complex femoral fractures (Arbeitsgemeinschaft f\u00fcr Osteosynthesefragen Foundation\/Orthopaedic Trauma Association [AO\/OTA]: 32-C) and to determine the factors involved in bone healing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study involved 47 consecutive patients with complex femoral diaphyseal fractures who underwent reduction and fixation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All open-reduction and 12 closed-reduction patients (52.17%) had an anatomical-to-small gap. The closed-small group had the highest bone union rate (100%), followed by the open-reduction (79.17%) and closed-large groups (72.73%); intergroup differences were significant. The closed-small group had the shortest mean union time (7.31 months), followed by the open-reduction group (7.58 months). The closed-large group had a significantly longer union time (9.75 months) than those in the closed-small and open-reduction groups. Femoral radiographic union scores in the closed-small and open-reduction groups were similar at three timepoints; scores were higher than those in the closed-large group, with a significant difference 6 and 9 months post-operatively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IMN with closed reduction for complex femoral shaft fractures had better outcomes and fewer complications versus open reduction. For unsatisfactory closed reduction outcomes (i.e., residual gap &gt;10\u2009mm), minimally invasive techniques or open reduction with minimal stripping should be considered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605221103974","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T01:01:21Z","timestamp":1654736481000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Radiographic outcomes of the treatment of complex femoral shaft fractures (AO\/OTA 32-C) with intramedullary nailing: a retrospective analysis of different techniques"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9192-4553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Hung","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, No. 21, Sec. 2, Nanya S. Rd., New Taipei City"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsiu-Jung","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, No. 21, Sec. 2, Nanya S. Rd., New Taipei City"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shang Ming","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials and Textiles, Asia Eastern University of Science and Technology, No. 58, Sec. 2, Sihchuan Rd., New Taipei City"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih-Hung","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, No. 21, Sec. 2, Nanya S. Rd., New Taipei City"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syang-Peng","family":"Rwei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei"},{"name":"Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsung-Yu","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, No. 21, Sec. 2, Nanya S. Rd., New Taipei City"},{"name":"Department of Materials and Textiles, Asia Eastern University of Science and Technology, No. 58, Sec. 2, Sihchuan Rd., New Taipei City"},{"name":"Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03000605221103974","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198611000-00011"},{"key":"bibr2-03000605221103974","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198611000-00006"},{"key":"bibr3-03000605221103974","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)31463-2"},{"key":"bibr4-03000605221103974","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200003000-00026"},{"key":"bibr5-03000605221103974","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198466040-00006"},{"key":"bibr6-03000605221103974","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.10.015"},{"key":"bibr7-03000605221103974","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mporth.2013.07.005"},{"key":"bibr8-03000605221103974","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010"},{"key":"bibr9-03000605221103974","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198905000-00019"},{"key":"bibr10-03000605221103974","volume":"10","author":"Fracture and dislocation compendium","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"bibr11-03000605221103974","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199209000-00001"},{"key":"bibr12-03000605221103974","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200111000-00007"},{"key":"bibr13-03000605221103974","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3181a7c16d"},{"key":"bibr14-03000605221103974","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100030211"},{"key":"bibr15-03000605221103974","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200105000-00004"},{"key":"bibr16-03000605221103974","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199810001-00004"},{"key":"bibr17-03000605221103974","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.06.030"},{"key":"bibr18-03000605221103974","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.007"},{"key":"bibr19-03000605221103974","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2015.11.014"},{"key":"bibr20-03000605221103974","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tsaco-2018-000203"},{"key":"bibr21-03000605221103974","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(02)00044-X"},{"key":"bibr22-03000605221103974","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orthres.2004.09.006"},{"key":"bibr23-03000605221103974","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-199311000-00004"},{"key":"bibr24-03000605221103974","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2011.02.012"},{"key":"bibr25-03000605221103974","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198567050-00005"},{"key":"bibr26-03000605221103974","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12262-013-0931-3"},{"key":"bibr27-03000605221103974","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-006-0134-7"},{"key":"bibr28-03000605221103974","first-page":"209","volume":"13","author":"Marongiu G","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab"},{"key":"bibr29-03000605221103974","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2016.12.006"},{"key":"bibr30-03000605221103974","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bonr.2020.100249"},{"key":"bibr31-03000605221103974","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering7010022"},{"key":"bibr32-03000605221103974","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000136307.63608.6D"},{"key":"bibr33-03000605221103974","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e318182afd0"},{"key":"bibr34-03000605221103974","first-page":"660","volume":"26","author":"Liao JC","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chang Gung Med J"},{"key":"bibr35-03000605221103974","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7583204"}],"container-title":["Journal of International Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03000605221103974","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/03000605221103974","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03000605221103974","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:50:30Z","timestamp":1777459830000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/03000605221103974"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/03000605221103974"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03000605221103974","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-0605","1473-2300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-0605","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-2300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"article-number":"03000605221103974"}}