{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T06:09:35Z","timestamp":1792735775799,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Burnout syndrome is a distinct \u201coccupational phenomenon\u201d rather than a medical condition, comprising emotional exhaustion, physical fatigue, and cognitive weariness. Both exogenous work-related and endogenous personal factors determine the extent and the severity of symptoms in burnout syndrome. Persistent burnout is a cause of reduced quality of life and is associated with increased risk of sleep impairment and with several medical disorders including mild cognitive impairment, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Active coping strategies promoting mental resilience and adaptive behavior, stress-reducing activities, improving work conditions, and reducing exposure to work stressors together may alleviate the distress of burnout and should be introduced early in the clinical course of burnout syndrome. The purpose of this review was to explain this complex and puzzling phenomenon and to describe burnout management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605221106428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T00:06:56Z","timestamp":1663114016000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Burnout phenomenon: neurophysiological factors, clinical features, and aspects of management"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Razia A.G.","family":"Khammissa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences. University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Nemutandani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Oral Health Sciences. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gal","family":"Feller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg and Charlotte Maxeke Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Lemmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5221-7805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liviu","family":"Feller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Oral Health Sciences. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20311"},{"key":"bibr2-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1072-5245.13.2.176"},{"key":"bibr3-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2016.01.008"},{"key":"bibr4-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781482290011"},{"key":"bibr5-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31826c3174"},{"key":"bibr6-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamericanmind0606-28"},{"key":"bibr7-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.12119"},{"key":"bibr8-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.12251"},{"key":"bibr9-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2016.10.008"},{"key":"bibr10-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burn.2014.03.003"},{"key":"bibr11-03000605221106428","first-page":"294","volume":"41","author":"Chirico F.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiol Prev"},{"key":"bibr12-03000605221106428","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Burn-out an \u201coccupational phenomenon\u201d: International Classification of Diseases, 2019. May, 2019."},{"key":"bibr13-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.12088"},{"key":"bibr14-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(99)00007-0"},{"key":"bibr15-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2008.05.028"},{"key":"bibr16-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3256"},{"key":"bibr17-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.1283"},{"key":"bibr18-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30897-8"},{"key":"bibr19-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2331205X.2016.1237605"},{"key":"bibr20-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0149913"},{"key":"bibr21-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.52.1.397"},{"key":"bibr22-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6920-13-150"},{"key":"bibr23-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02678370903282600"},{"key":"bibr24-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000239247.47581.0c"},{"key":"bibr25-03000605221106428","first-page":"e4805","volume":"11","author":"Patel RS","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"bibr26-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1385"},{"key":"bibr27-03000605221106428","first-page":"781","volume":"108","author":"Kaschka WP","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"bibr28-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2004.08.003"},{"key":"bibr29-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2008.01.012"},{"key":"bibr30-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/amj.2015.0611"},{"key":"bibr31-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038082"},{"key":"bibr32-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035062"},{"key":"bibr33-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.71.4.630"},{"key":"bibr34-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.86.3.499"},{"key":"bibr35-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/ocp0000081"},{"key":"bibr36-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691612454134"},{"key":"bibr37-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-9004.2008.00098.x"},{"key":"bibr38-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2014.08.012"},{"key":"bibr39-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoem.IJOEM_209_18"},{"key":"bibr40-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003590"},{"key":"bibr41-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3234"},{"key":"bibr42-03000605221106428","first-page":"117","volume":"86","author":"Boyle LM.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"bibr43-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2014.07.010"},{"key":"bibr44-03000605221106428","unstructured":"Distel KD.\n                      The elusive other: a self study action research project with diverse learners in higher education (doctoral dissertation)\n                      . Southern Cross University, 2013."},{"key":"bibr45-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5294-13.2014"},{"key":"bibr46-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2648"},{"key":"bibr47-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht348"},{"key":"bibr48-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064065"},{"key":"bibr49-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.12.060"},{"key":"bibr50-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2009.01.012"},{"key":"bibr51-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1047840X.2015.1002377"},{"key":"bibr52-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-017-0200-8"},{"key":"bibr53-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1249240"},{"key":"bibr54-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2019.1630858"},{"key":"bibr55-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02678373.2013.782157"},{"key":"bibr56-03000605221106428","volume":"8","author":"Korczak D","year":"2012","journal-title":"GMS Health Technology Assessment"},{"key":"bibr57-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1047840X.2015.1064294"},{"key":"bibr58-03000605221106428","unstructured":"Sorenson C. The theory, process, and outcomes of culturally adapted psychotherapy and psychosocial interventions (order no. 10837365). 2018. Available from ProQuest dissertations and theses global (2072543638)."},{"key":"bibr59-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-017-0762-6"},{"key":"bibr60-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14318"},{"key":"bibr61-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000020992"},{"key":"bibr62-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022194254001"},{"key":"bibr63-03000605221106428","first-page":"443","volume":"52","author":"Chirico F.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Ist Super Sanita"},{"key":"bibr64-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/ocp0000022"},{"key":"bibr65-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/48.4.237"},{"key":"bibr66-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6972-1"},{"key":"bibr67-03000605221106428","first-page":"9","volume":"10","author":"Wardle EA","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"key":"bibr68-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7713-1"},{"key":"bibr69-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19338244.2017.1395789"},{"key":"bibr70-03000605221106428","first-page":"1","author":"Sultana A","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Med Ethics"},{"key":"bibr71-03000605221106428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113129"}],"container-title":["Journal of International Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03000605221106428","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/03000605221106428","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03000605221106428","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:50:56Z","timestamp":1777459856000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/03000605221106428"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/03000605221106428"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03000605221106428","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-0605","1473-2300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-0605","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-2300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"article-number":"03000605221106428"}}