{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T02:15:13Z","timestamp":1792635313655,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study explored the mechanisms by which gentiopicroside protects against carbon tetrachloride (CCl\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      )-induced liver injury.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Male mice were randomly assigned to the control; CCl\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      ; bifendate 100\u2009mg\/kg; or gentiopicroside 25, 50, or 100\u2009mg\/kg groups. Both vehicle and drugs were administered intragastrically for 7 days. Mice were administered CCl\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      intraperitoneally 1 hour after the last drug dose. After 24 hours, we collected blood and liver samples for testing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gentiopicroside significantly reduced serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities with corresponding reductions in hepatocyte denaturation and necrosis. Gentiopicroside enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and glutathione levels and reduced heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) activity and malondialdehyde levels in the liver, and these effects were attributed to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-\u03b3\/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. Meanwhile, gentiopicroside significantly downregulated HO-1 and upregulated SOD and GSH-Px at the mRNA level in the liver. Furthermore, gentiopicroside significantly suppressed serum tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 and interleukin-1\u03b2 secretion, which was associated with the inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-\u03baB)\/inhibitor of NF-\u03baB (I\u03baB).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Gentiopicroside ameliorated CCl\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      -induced liver injury in mice via the PPAR-\u03b3\/Nrf2 and NF-\u03baB\/I\u03baB pathways.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605231204501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T19:34:13Z","timestamp":1696620853000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Gentiopicroside ameliorates CCl\n                    <sub>4<\/sub>\n                    -induced liver injury in mice by regulating the  PPAR-\u03b3\/Nrf2 and NF-\u03baB\/I\u03baB signaling pathways"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Yun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiguang","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Yantai Qishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiming","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Qishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6057-018X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haitao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03000605231204501","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.03.017"},{"key":"bibr2-03000605231204501","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105648"},{"key":"bibr3-03000605231204501","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2015.12.017"},{"key":"bibr4-03000605231204501","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2006.07.042"},{"key":"bibr5-03000605231204501","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-03243-w"},{"key":"bibr6-03000605231204501","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2018.04.020"},{"key":"bibr7-03000605231204501","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.02.014"},{"key":"bibr8-03000605231204501","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.06.031"},{"key":"bibr9-03000605231204501","first-page":"280","volume":"24","author":"Li X","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Buon"},{"key":"bibr10-03000605231204501","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-018-0246-y"},{"key":"bibr11-03000605231204501","first-page":"569","volume":"9","author":"Yang J","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"bibr12-03000605231204501","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000493409"},{"key":"bibr13-03000605231204501","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.08.049"},{"key":"bibr14-03000605231204501","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2016.12.013"},{"key":"bibr15-03000605231204501","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.107.039818"},{"key":"bibr16-03000605231204501","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-99953-y"},{"key":"bibr17-03000605231204501","first-page":"e22170","volume":"36","author":"Kim A","year":"2022","journal-title":"Faseb J"},{"key":"bibr18-03000605231204501","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23010215"},{"key":"bibr19-03000605231204501","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102570"},{"key":"bibr20-03000605231204501","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c10506"},{"key":"bibr21-03000605231204501","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.14160"},{"key":"bibr22-03000605231204501","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1102146"},{"key":"bibr23-03000605231204501","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.109891"},{"key":"bibr24-03000605231204501","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23084429"},{"key":"bibr25-03000605231204501","first-page":"10687","volume":"24","author":"Liu HH","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"bibr26-03000605231204501","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-96008-0"},{"key":"bibr27-03000605231204501","first-page":"363","volume":"69","author":"Qiu JL","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Pol"}],"container-title":["Journal of International Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03000605231204501","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/03000605231204501","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03000605231204501","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:47:23Z","timestamp":1777459643000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/03000605231204501"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/03000605231204501"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03000605231204501","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-0605","1473-2300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-0605","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-2300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"article-number":"03000605231204501"}}