{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T06:11:22Z","timestamp":1787724682634,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Research Fund of Guangdong Province","award":["No A2023255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No A2023255"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010256","name":"Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou City","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No SL2024A04J01858"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No SL2024A04J01858"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010256","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatic portal venous gas is often referred to as the \u201csign of death\u201d because it signifies a very poor prognosis if appropriate treatments are not promptly administered. The etiologies of hepatic portal venous gas are diverse and include severe complex abdominal infections, mesenteric ischemia, diving, and complications of endoscopic surgery, and the clinical manifestations are inconsistent among individual patients. Thus, whether emergency surgery should be performed remains controversial. In this report, we present three cases of hepatic portal venous gas. The patients initially exhibited symptoms consistent with severe shock of unknown etiology and were treated in the intensive care unit upon admission. We rapidly identified the cause of each individual patient\u2019s condition and selected problem-directed intervention measures based on active organ support, antishock support, and anti-infection treatments. Two patients recovered and were discharged without sequelae, whereas one patient died of refractory infection and multiple organ failure. We hope that this report will serve as a valuable reference for decision-making when critical care physicians encounter similar patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605241239469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]],"date-time":"2024-04-11T15:39:16Z","timestamp":1712849956000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hepatic portal venous gas initially manifesting as severe shock: a case series"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1133-5941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Unit, the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, the Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiao","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Unit, the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, the Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liansheng","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, the Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuezhi","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Unit, the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, the Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Unit, the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, the Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiguo","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, the Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03000605241239469","first-page":"486","volume":"74","author":"Wolfe JN","year":"1955","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med"},{"key":"bibr2-03000605241239469","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197803000-00012"},{"key":"bibr3-03000605241239469","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-007-0346-3"},{"key":"bibr4-03000605241239469","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.210.2.r99fe62405"},{"key":"bibr5-03000605241239469","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.20.5.g00se011213"},{"key":"bibr6-03000605241239469","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.136.12.1410"},{"key":"bibr7-03000605241239469","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2009.88"},{"key":"bibr8-03000605241239469","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14701\/kjhbps.2015.19.4.181"},{"key":"bibr9-03000605241239469","first-page":"743","volume":"55","author":"Tian C","year":"2023","journal-title":"Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban"},{"key":"bibr10-03000605241239469","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2019.10.085"},{"key":"bibr11-03000605241239469","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12246"},{"key":"bibr12-03000605241239469","unstructured":"NAVSEA. 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