{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T13:18:10Z","timestamp":1777727890094,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study evaluated the 50% effective dose (ED\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and 95% effective dose (ED\n                      <jats:sub>95<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) of butorphanol tartrate in patients undergoing painless gastroscopy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients who underwent painless gastroscopy at Binzhou Medical University Hospital were divided into the youth, middle-aged, and older groups. The ED\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      and ED\n                      <jats:sub>95<\/jats:sub>\n                      required for successful sedation using butorphanol tartrate were measured using the Dixon up-and-down method in patients in the different age groups. Patients in each group were administered intravenous butorphanol 5 minutes before gastroscopy. Each patient was administered 2\u2009mg\/kg propofol. The ED\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      and ED\n                      <jats:sub>95<\/jats:sub>\n                      of butorphanol were calculated using probit analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 95 patients were included. The ED\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      s of butorphanol in the youth, middle-aged, and older groups were 7.384, 6.657, and 6.364\u2009\u03bcg\/kg, respectively. The ED\n                      <jats:sub>95<\/jats:sub>\n                      s of butorphanol doses in these groups were 9.108, 8.419, and 7.348\u2009\u03bcg\/kg, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The ED\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      and ED\n                      <jats:sub>95<\/jats:sub>\n                      varied among the age groups, indicating that the effective dose decreases with age.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605241277689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T05:53:04Z","timestamp":1726811584000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The effective dose of butorphanol tartrate in patients of different ages undergoing painless gastroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Yaorui","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661 Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shujiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661 Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenli","family":"Si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661 Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quanyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661 Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661 Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2728-415X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661 Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0051-4453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661 Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou, Shandong, 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